Endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients and in normotensive offspring of subjects with essential hypertension

Žižek, Bogomir

doi:10.1136/heart.85.2.215

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2 It is also known that one of the earliest changes observed in hypertensive subjects, either in stage 1 of hypertension or in normotensive (NT) subjects with a family history of hypertension is an impaired endothelial response to reactive hyperaemia. [3][4][5][6] Previous data from our group have detected a graded impairment in vasodilatatory response from NT healthy subjects compared to smokers, hypertensive and those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, suggesting that not only blood pressure levels but the presence or coexistence of other risk factors may decrease this vasodilatatory response. 7 Endothelial dysfunction was initially described as a lack in nitric oxide (NO) release and/or excess of free radicals, suggesting an imbalance between vasodilators and vasoconstrictor agents present at endothelial cells (functional change).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 K One of the earliest changes in hypertensive and/or normotensive subjects with family history is an impairment of endothelial function expressed as vasodilation in response to reactive hyperaemia. [3][4][5][6] What this study adds K Within 10-mm Hg interval for SBP, there was a progressive and significant reduction in vasodilatory response as blood pressure raised, of 17.3 and 14.2%, respectively. K Starting from a SBP X125 mm Hg up to a SBP o140 mm Hg there was a marked reduction in vasodilation of 29%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Endothelial function in normotensive and high-normal hypertensive subjects

et al. 2007

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To evaluate the impact of a mild increment in blood pressure level on endothelial function, we evaluated 61 healthy volunteers (24 women, 37 men, and aged 35-50 years). All subjects underwent a blood chemistry panel to exclude any metabolic abnormalities and were submitted to a Doppler ultrasound of the brachial artery to assess endothelial function. We assessed the endothelial response to reactive hyperaemia and exogenous nitric oxide administration considering an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at each 10-mm Hg interval. Our study population was divided as follows: SBP o115 mm Hg (SG1, n ¼ 13), SBP X115 mm Hg and o125 mm Hg (SG2, n ¼ 20), SBP X125 mm Hg and o135 mm Hg (SG3, n ¼ 13) and SBP X135 mm Hg and o140 mm Hg (SG4, n ¼ 15). We found a significant difference in flow-mediated dilation among SG2, SG3 and SG4, 16.275.6, 13.475.2 and 11.573.6%, Po0.05, respectively). After nitrate administration, we observed a nonsignificant decrease in brachial artery dilation among groups, P ¼ 0.217. Our data showed in a healthy normotensive population, without any risk factor for atherosclerotic disease that small increases in SBP but not in diastolic blood pressure may impair endothelial function even in subjects considered as high-normal, meaning that this population deserves more attention than usually ascribed to intervene and prevent complications, as endothelial dysfunction may represent an early change in those who develop hypertension later in life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Endothelial function in normotensive and high-normal hypertensive subjects

et al. 2007

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“…1 A number of early pathophysiologic abnormalities that precede the onset of hypertension have been observed in FH þ , including cardiac anatomical -functional alterations, 2-4 vascular dysfunction, 5,6 altered renal haemodynamics, 7 a higher density of platelet a 2 -adrenoceptors, 8 altered haemostasis, 9 and metabolic disturbances. [10][11][12][13][14] For example, one of the earliest detectable cardiac abnormalities appears to be altered left ventricular function that may precede left ventricular hypertrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14] For example, one of the earliest detectable cardiac abnormalities appears to be altered left ventricular function that may precede left ventricular hypertrophy. Endothelial dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation is impaired 6 and arterial stiffness is augmented 5 in FH þ , which may play a role in reducing baroceptor responsiveness to changes in pressure. Furthermore, FH þ are characterized by a hyperactive sympathetic nervous system that manifests during physical and mental stressors (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exercise on haemodynamic function in relation to the familial hypertension risk model

Hamer

2006

J Hum Hypertens

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Offspring hypertensives are characterized by a hyperactive sympathetic nervous system and other early cardiovascular abnormalities that increase the risk of developing hypertension. A physically active lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of hypertension, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood and likely to be multifactorial. One aspect that has received little attention is the interaction of exercise with familial hypertension risk. The present review examines the effects of exercise on haemodynamic function in relation to the familial hypertension risk model. Paradoxically, exercise may be viewed as potent stressor to the cardiovascular system, although recent studies are beginning to show that cardiovascular adaptations, primarily mediated by changes in sympatho-vagal balance, following both acute and chronic exercise may be particularly important for individuals with familial risk of hypertension. Future studies that focus on inflammatory, metabolic, and genetic pathways may uncover further beneficial effects of exercise in relation to familial risk.

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“…5 Studies have found evidence of abnormal endothelial function in people with risk factors for arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis, such as obesity, familial hypercholesterolemia, family history of arterial hypertension and low birth weight. [6][7][8] These studies assessed endothelial function by means of high-resolution B-mode ultrasound, a methodology that is widely used to evaluate endotheliumdependent vascular dilatation. This dilatation is a function of NO, which is a potent vasodilator and is produced by endothelial cells in response to stimulation from blood in contact with the vessel walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Função endotelial de adolescentes normotensos sem fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial

Andrade¹,

Carvalhaes²,

Taddei³

et al. 2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: To define standards for normal endothelial function in adolescents by high-resolution ultrasound measurement of endothelium-dependent vascular dilatation.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study and part of the thematic project Clinical Study of Growth, Behavior, Arterial Hypertension, Obesity and Oral Health (ECCCHOS) that was developed by the Discipline of Nutrition at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Thirty-one adolescents, eight male and 23 female, with no risk factors for systemic arterial hypertension were selected from 1,420 high-school students. The students were daytime pupils at a school in the southeastern district of the city of São Paulo, the capital of São Paulo state, located in the Southeast region of Brazil. All results are presented in the form of means with standard deviations and percentiles.Results: For male students, endothelium-dependant dilation 90 seconds after the cuff was released was 20.9±6,7% [mean ±1 standard deviation] with a 10th percentile of 12.5 and for females these figures were 18.8±12.9% with a 10th percentile of 6.6%. Values for the whole group of subjects were 19.3±11.7% and 6.7%, respectively.Conclusion: Endothelium-dependant vascular dilation of 6.7%, after 90 seconds, which corresponds to the 10th percentile, can be considered the lower limit of normality for this age group. Knowledge of this limit is important for the diagnosis of endothelium dysfunction that appears before cardiovascular disease.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(5):395-9: Adolescents, endothelium, and ultrasound.

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Endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients and in normotensive offspring of subjects with essential hypertension

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Endothelial function in normotensive and high-normal hypertensive subjects

Endothelial function in normotensive and high-normal hypertensive subjects

The effects of exercise on haemodynamic function in relation to the familial hypertension risk model

Função endotelial de adolescentes normotensos sem fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial

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