Endophytic Fungi from Plums (Prunus domestica) and Their Antifungal Activity against Monilinia fructicola

Abstract

Enophytic fungi were isolated from plum (Prunus domestica) leaves, identified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and their antagonistic activity was tested against Monilinia fructicola, which causes brown rot, blossom blight, and twig blight of stone fruits, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose on a variety of fruit crops. The production of antifungal compounds was determined in agar-diffusion and volatile inverted-plate tests. A total of 163 fungi were recovered from 30 plum trees, representing 22 cultivars. Twenty-nine morphotypes were detected, but only 14 species were identified genetically. The most frequently isolated species was Phaeosphaeria nodorum, constituting 86.5% of the total isolates. Four isolates produced inhibitory volatiles to M. fructicola; however, no isolate produced volatiles inhibitory to C. gloeosporioides. The volatiles produced by these fungi were identified as ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetic acid, 2-propyn-1-ol, and 2-propenenitrile. The fungal volatiles inhibited growth and reduced width of the hyphae, and caused disintegration of the hyphal content. This is the first study describing fungal endophytes in stone fruits. The P. nodorum strains producing inhibitory volatiles could play a significant role in reduction of M. fructicola expansion in plum tissues. Potential of these strains for biological control of this pathogen on stone fruits warrants further investigation.

Diversity and Distribution of Endophytic Fungi in Different Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman Provenances in Cameroon

“…This number is similar to endophytic genera from Citrus limon (Douanla-Meli et al, 2013) and Kigelia pinnata (Maheswari and Rajagopal, 2013), other tropical trees. The number is however higher than what was reported for Prunus avium and Prunus dosmestica (Pimenta et al, 2012) and 18 taxa from Azadirachta indica . The overall colonization and isolation rates of endophytes from P. africana were high compared to those reported for Diospyros crassiflora (Douanla-Meli and Langer, 2012) but similar to that of C. limon (Douanla-Meli et al, 2013) and Centella asiatica (Rakotoniriana et al, 2008).…”

Fungos endofíticos de Eugenia dysenterica DC como biocontroladores de fitopatógenos in vitro

“…Sendo 147 colônias provenientes de folhas e 116 de caules de Eugenia dysenterica DC. A baixa frequência de endófitos antagonistas para M. fructicola pode ser justificada pela influência da pressão evolutiva sobre A. parasiticus e C. gloeosporioides, fitopatógenos que ocorrem em várias regiões do Brasil, e pela ausência ou inexpressiva pressão seletiva sobre o segundo, de ocorrência menos frequente em nosso país [15,16].…”

Detecção de compostos voláteis com atividade antibacteriana por fungos endofíticos associados à Costus spiralis

“…Os estudos de antagonismo por compostos voláteis (COV) não é tão frequente na literatura quando comparado aos testes de metabólitos difusíveis [27,28].…”