Endometrial damage and apoptosis in rats induced by dichlorvos and ameliorating effect of antioxidant Vitamins E and C

Oral, Baha; Güney, Mehmet; Demırın, Hilmi; Özgüner, Meltem; Giray, Seren Gülşen; Take, Gülnur; Mungan, Tamer; Altuntaş, İrfan

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.08.003

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Female rats given 4 mg/kg dichlorvos via gavage 5 days/week for 4 weeks showed endometrial damage (299). No maternal or reproductive toxicity occurred in rats given dichlorvos for three generations at a dietary level of 0.1-500 ppm (about 0.005-25 mg/kg/day) (300).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Storm¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Most organophosphorus compounds today fall into two general groups: the so‐called nerve agents, that are very acutely toxic and organophosphorus pesticides that are less toxic. Nerve agents were generally the first toxic organophosphorus developed, and were the original basis for organophosphorus pesticides. Interest about nerve agents has increased lately given concerns about their potential use in terrorist acts. Organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides are a highly diverse group of chemicals. They are all characterized by their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). At present, the widest use of organophosphorus compounds is as pesticides, although they have also been used as therapeutic agents, gasoline additives, hydraulic fluids, cotton defoliants, fire retardants, plastic components, growth regulators, and industrial intermediates to a much smaller extent. Compounds in this class are numerous and have been categorized in many ways according to the nature of the substituents. Gallo and Lawryk (1991) [2], for example, categorized them into four main groups I–IV based on the characteristics of the leaving group (X). Group I compounds, phosphorylcholines, have a leaving group that contains a quaternary nitrogen and are among the most potent organophosphates (e.g., Shradan). Group II compounds, fluorophosphates, have a fluoride leaving group and are also generally highly toxic (e.g., diisopropyl fluorophosphate). Group III compounds have leaving groups that contain cyanide or a halogen other than fluoride and are generally less potent than group I or II (e.g., Parathion). Group IV contains most of the organophosphates used as insecticides today. These compounds have alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, or heterocyclic leaving groups and a wide variety of other substituents. Another classification scheme is based on the nature of the atoms that immediately surround the central phosphorus atom and results in 14 different categories. According to this scheme, phosphates are the prototype for the entire class and are those compounds where all four atoms that surround the phosphorus atom are oxygen (e.g., dichlorvos, mevinphos). Sulfur‐containing organophosphate compounds (phosphorothioates, phosphorothiolates, phosphorodithioates, and phosphorodithiolates) are far more numerous than phosphates and include well‐recognized organophosphate insecticides such as parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, etc. Other groups contain nitrogen (phosphoramides and phosphorodiamides), nitrogen and sulfur (phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidothiolates), carbon (phosphonates and phosphinates), or carbon and sulfur (phosphonothionates, phosphonothionothiolates, and phosphinothionates). All aspects of organophosphate chemistry, toxicity, analysis, and exposure potential have been previously and comprehensively reviewed. In addition, information regarding the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides in particular has expanded greatly in recent years as a result of toxicity data supplied by registrants to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticides to support reregistration. These data have been made publicly available by the U.S. EPA on its Internet Web site ( www.epa.gov/pesticides ). The following discussion draws heavily from recent reviews and also includes summaries of relevant toxicity data submitted to, and made available by, the U.S. EPA.

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Section: Pharmacokinetics Metabolism and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Storm¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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“…However, this activation is probably indirect through OP mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate PKC. OP induced ROS formation and oxidative stress have also been shown to be associated with apoptosis in different tissues (Oral et al, 2006;Yu et al, 2008). Kojima et al (2004) showed that OPs can inhibit steroid androgen (AR) receptor, which can cause steroid hormone disturbances in the organism.…”

Section: Non-neuronal Molecular Targets Of Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorous Pesticides - Mechanisms of Their Toxicity

Eleršek¹,

Filipič²

2011

Pesticides - The Impacts of Pesticides Exposure

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“…Y-27632 was injected 5 min before the administration of dichlorvos. Dichlorvos in corn oil 15,16 was given intraperitoneally at a dose level of 30 mg kg À1 body weight. 17 An equivalent amount of corn oil alone was given in the same way to the control rats.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Istanbul, Turkey) was diluted with corn oil. 15,16 Thiopental sodium (Pental Sodyum, I.E. Ulagay, Istanbul, Turkey) was diluted with non-pyrogenic saline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a selective Rho‐kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 on oxidative stress parameters in acute dichlorvos poisoning in rats

Günay

Köse

Demiryürek

et al. 2008

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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This study examined the effects of Y-27632, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, on organophosphate-induced acute toxicity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (corn oil), dichlorvos (30 mg kg(-1) i.p.), 1 and 10 mg kg(-1) Y-27632 + dichlorvos groups. Cholinergic signs (fatigue, tremor, cyanosis, hyper-secretion, fasciculations) were observed in all the rats in the dichlorvos group and the mortality rate was 50%. No cholinergic findings and deaths were observed in the control and Y-27632 groups. Plasma cholinesterase activities were suppressed with dichlorvos and these reductions were attenuated with Y-27632 pretreatment. There was a marked increase in plasma malondialdehyde level in the dichlorvos group, but Y-27632 pretreatment abolished this elevation. Dichlorvos markedly depressed cardiac paraoxonase activity, but these changes were not markedly modified with Y-27632. Total antioxidant capacities, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, total free sulfhydryl groups and catalase activities in plasma and cardiac tissues were not markedly different between the groups. No significant changes were observed with cardiac myeloperoxidase activities or plasma arylesterase and ceruloplasmin activities. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rho-kinase pathway is involved in organophosphate intoxication, and a decrease in cardiac paraoxonase activities may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute organophosphate poisoning in rats.

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Endometrial damage and apoptosis in rats induced by dichlorvos and ameliorating effect of antioxidant Vitamins E and C

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Organophosphorous Pesticides - Mechanisms of Their Toxicity

Effects of a selective Rho‐kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 on oxidative stress parameters in acute dichlorvos poisoning in rats

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