Endogenous red blood cell membrane fatty acids and sudden cardiac arrest

Abstract

Little is known of the associations of endogenous fatty acids with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). We investigated the associations of SCA with red blood cell membrane fatty acids that are end products of de novo fatty acid synthesis: myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n7), vaccenic acid (18:1 n7), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1 n9) and a related fatty acid cis-7 hexadecenoic acid (16:1 n9). We used data from a population-based case-control study, where cases, aged 25-74 years, were out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest patients, attended by paramedics in Seattle, Washington (n=265). Controls, matched to cases by age, sex and calendar year, were randomly identified from the community (n=415). All participants were free of prior clinically-diagnosed heart disease. We observed associations of higher red blood cell membrane levels of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7 and 16:1n-9 with higher risk of SCA. In analyses adjusted for traditional SCA risk factors and trans- and n-3 fatty acids, a one-standard-deviation-higher level of 16:0 was associated with 38% higher risk of SCA (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.70) and a one-standard deviation-higher level of 16:1n-9 with 88% higher risk (OR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.27-2.78). Several fatty acids that are end products of fatty acid synthesis are associated with SCA risk. Further work is needed to investigate if conditions that favor de novo fatty acid synthesis, such as high carbohydrate/low fat diets, might also increase the risk of SCA.

Foamy Monocytes Are Enriched in cis -7-Hexadecenoic Fatty Acid (16:1n-9), a Possible Biomarker for Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease

“…Very little information is available on 16:1n-9. A PubMed search on 16:1n-9 returns only epidemiological papers where the fatty acid is merely listed as a minor constituent of certain tissues, with no regard for possible biological or biochemical implications (Zong et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2015;Lemaitre et al, 2010;Dai et al, 2015). Also, this fatty acid is barely mentioned, if at all, in the specialized lipid websites Cyberlipid Center (http://www.cyberlipid.org/), The Lipid Library (http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/), and The Lipid Home (http://www.…”

Erythrocyte very long-chain saturated fatty Acids associated with lower risk of incident sudden cardiac arrest

“…In particular, in both erythrocyte membranes and whole blood, higher levels of the long-chain fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with lower risk [4, 5], and higher levels of the trans -fatty acids are associated with higher risk [6, 7, 8]. In addition, we reported that fatty acid biomarkers of de novo fatty acid synthesis, such as palmitic acid, are associated with higher risk of SCA [9]. …”

Novel circulating fatty acid patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Cardiovascular Health Study

“…Factor loading was used as a measure of contribution of each FA to each pattern. We named each pattern based on the major contributing FA, taking into account known dietary sources and the FA metabolism of various individual FAs, including trans, omega-3 (n23), dairy products, and DNLrelated FAs (1,7,9,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). In addition, we examined the variability of each individual FA explained by the FA patterns.…”

“…Several individual fatty acid (FA) 4 biomarkers in tissues and blood, eg, biomarkers of PUFAs, trans FAs, or de novo lipogenesis (DNL), have been associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Although these studies have contributed substantially to knowledge on etiologic roles of FAs, nearly all such studies have focused on selected individual FAs.…”