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Cited by 105 publications
(193 citation statements)
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References 62 publications
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“…However, it seems that LPS-induced IL-1␤ and IL-6, but not LPS-induced TNF-␣, is reduced in late-term pregnant rats compared with nonpregnant female rats (20), a finding that is in agreement with a generally reduced immune response during pregnancy (70). On the other hand, plasma levels of corticosterone in immune-challenged pregnant rats measured in the present study are of the same order of magnitude as those corticosterone levels reported recently in late pregnancy in rats (5). However, the corticosterone levels were higher in immunechallenged nonpregnant rats compared with late-term pregnant rats (5).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
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“…However, it seems that LPS-induced IL-1␤ and IL-6, but not LPS-induced TNF-␣, is reduced in late-term pregnant rats compared with nonpregnant female rats (20), a finding that is in agreement with a generally reduced immune response during pregnancy (70). On the other hand, plasma levels of corticosterone in immune-challenged pregnant rats measured in the present study are of the same order of magnitude as those corticosterone levels reported recently in late pregnancy in rats (5). However, the corticosterone levels were higher in immunechallenged nonpregnant rats compared with late-term pregnant rats (5).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…On the other hand, plasma levels of corticosterone in immune-challenged pregnant rats measured in the present study are of the same order of magnitude as those corticosterone levels reported recently in late pregnancy in rats (5). However, the corticosterone levels were higher in immunechallenged nonpregnant rats compared with late-term pregnant rats (5). This observation explains why the activation of HPA axis is also dampened at near term (14).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
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“…During stress, these neurons release CRH into the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system, stimulating ACTH secretion from anterior pituitary corticotrophs, which drives glucocorticoid (corticosterone) synthesis and secretion by the adrenal cortex. Administration of the cytokine interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤), to mimic infection, robustly stimulates this hierarchical hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Buller et al, 2001;Brunton et al, 2005). IL-1␤ activates pPVN CRH neurons via a direct noradrenergic pathway from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) (Rivier et al, 1989).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This adaptation may be important in altered metabolic and immune balance in pregnancy and in protecting fetuses from adverse programming . In late pregnant rats, HPA axis responses to systemic IL-1␤ are essentially absent, through inhibition by an emergent endogenous opioid mechanism (Brunton et al, 2005). Systemic IL-1␤ still activates NTS neurons in pregnancy, but opioid acting presynaptically blocks IL-1␤-induced noradrenaline release in the PVN (Brunton et al, 2005).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%