Encrustations and element composition of charophytes from fresh or brackish water sites – habitat- or species-specific differences?

Herbst, Anne; Henningsen, Levke; Schubert, Hendrik; Blindow, Irmgard

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.04.007

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The consistent linkage of the charavirus CPs to a homolog isolated from a swimming crab, Beihai Charybdis crab virus 1, is of interest. This virus is possibly a contaminant, rather than a virus of Charybdis crabs, as, although these crabs are opportunistic carnivores, they do eat algae [54], and although most charophytes inhabit freshwater, some also live in brackish water [55], where they might be eaten by crabs. However, in the k-mer analyses, the BCCV1 CP did not group with the CV CPs, indicating that its host is probably not a charophyte.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomes of a Freshwater Charavirus from British Columbia Provide a Window into Ancient Lineages of Viruses

Vlok

Gibbs

Suttle

2019

Viruses

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Charophyte algae, not chlorophyte algae, are the ancestors of ‘higher plants’; hence, viruses infecting charophytes may be related to those that first infected higher plants. Streamwaters from British Columbia, Canada, yielded single-stranded RNA metagenomes of Charavirus canadensis (CV-Can), that are similar in genomic architecture, length (9593 nt), nucleotide identity (63.4%), and encoded amino-acid sequence identity (53.0%) to those of Charavirus australis (CV-Aus). The sequences of their RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases (RdRp) resemble those found in benyviruses, their helicases those of hepaciviruses and hepegiviruses, and their coat-proteins (CP) those of tobamoviruses; all from the alphavirus/flavivirus branch of the ‘global RNA virome’. The 5’-terminus of the CV-Can genome, but not that of CV-Aus, is complete and encodes a methyltransferase domain. Comparisons of CP sequences suggests that Canadian and Australian charaviruses diverged 29–46 million years ago (mya); whereas, the CPs of charaviruses and tobamoviruses last shared a common ancestor 212 mya, and the RdRps of charaviruses and benyviruses 396 mya. CV-Can is sporadically abundant in low-nutrient freshwater rivers in British Columbia, where Chara braunii, a close relative of C. australis, occurs, and which may be its natural host. Charaviruses, like their hosts, are ancient and widely distributed, and thus provide a window to the viromes of early eukaryotes and, even, Archaea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomes of a Freshwater Charavirus from British Columbia Provide a Window into Ancient Lineages of Viruses

Vlok

Gibbs

Suttle

2019

Viruses

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“…C. subspinosa is difficult to investigate, as it is hard to distinguish from C. hispida . C. subspinosa and N. obtusa have disappeared from a number of their former sites, probably because of eutrophication (Kyrkander 2007 [ 213 ], Zinko 2017 [ 1 ], Herbst et al, 2018 [ 214 ], Artportalen: accessed 7 May 2021). In N. obtusa , however, this decline was compensated by the colonization of new sites during the extension of the distribution areas to northern regions (Blindow 2009a [ 2 ]).…”

Section: The Swedish Example: How To Protect Rare Charophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Establishment Techniques and Transplantations of Charophytes to Support Threatened Species

Blindow

Carlsson

Weyer³

2021

Plants

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Re-establishment of submerged macrophytes and especially charophyte vegetation is a common aim in lake management. If revegetation does not happen spontaneously, transplantations may be a suitable option. Only rarely have transplantations been used as a tool to support threatened submerged macrophytes and, to a much lesser extent, charophytes. Such actions have to consider species-specific life strategies. K-strategists mainly inhabit permanent habitats, are perennial, have low fertility and poor dispersal ability, but are strong competitors and often form dense vegetation. R-strategists are annual species, inhabit shallow water and/or temporary habitats, and are richly fertile. They disperse easily but are weak competitors. While K-strategists easily can be planted as green biomass taken from another site, rare R-strategists often must be reproduced in cultures before they can be planted on-site. In Sweden, several charophyte species are extremely rare and fail to (re)establish, though apparently suitable habitats are available. Limited dispersal and/or lack of diaspore reservoirs are probable explanations. Transplantations are planned to secure the occurrences of these species in the country. This contribution reviews the knowledge on life forms, dispersal, establishment, and transplantations of submerged macrophytes with focus on charophytes and gives recommendations for the Swedish project.

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“…This was not expected for C. hispida growing in Angersdorfer Teiche at a salinity of 6.3. Herbst et al (2018) quantified encrustation of charophytes from freshwater and brackish water sites. Freshwater specimens had higher carbonate content of DW compared to brackish water specimens (Herbst et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbst et al (2018) quantified encrustation of charophytes from freshwater and brackish water sites. Freshwater specimens had higher carbonate content of DW compared to brackish water specimens (Herbst et al 2018). Thus, ion composition rather than ion concentration, is decisive for encrustation of charophytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and site-specific pattern on encrustation of charophytes

Herbst

Schubert

2018

Bot Stud

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Encrustation and element content (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and P) of charophytes was studied along plant thalli to investigate the dependency of thallus age and site-specificity. Charophytes were collected from five sampling sites (Angersdorfer Teiche, Asche, Bruchwiesen, Krüselinsee and Lützlower See) which were distinct with respect to water chemistry. Furthermore, photosynthesis was measured to identify the physiological state of plants in habitat waters and with the addition of different ion concentrations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+). Age pattern on encrustation of charophytes was site-specific: carbonate content increased from the youngest to the oldest part (Angersdorfer Teiche), younger parts were less encrusted than older parts in Asche, Bruchwiesen and Krüselinsee, whereas encrustation in Lützlower See was the same along plants thallus. Charophytes showed species-specific encrustation in investigated sites. Encrustation of C. hispida in Angersdorfer Teiche was also as high as of individuals from hard-water lakes irrespective of 10.15 mS cm−1 (salinity of 6.3). For species growing in Angersdorfer Teiche, K/Na content and photosynthesis was lowest when compared to other sites. Photosynthesis of charophytes was enhanced after the addition of KCl and adversely affected by CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl. In summary, it was shown that encrustation of charophytes in water sites with strong ion anomalies could be as high as in hard-water lakes. It is assumed that ion composition, rather than ion concentration of Na+, Mg2+ and SO42−, impact on the encrustation of charophytes. The age pattern on encrustation in this study showed a strong site-specificity, whereas encrustation of charophytes was species-specific. Ion concentrations, either of habitats or actively added in laboratory measurements, impact on encrustation, element content and photosynthesis of charophytes.

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Encrustations and element composition of charophytes from fresh or brackish water sites – habitat- or species-specific differences?

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Metagenomes of a Freshwater Charavirus from British Columbia Provide a Window into Ancient Lineages of Viruses

Metagenomes of a Freshwater Charavirus from British Columbia Provide a Window into Ancient Lineages of Viruses

Re-Establishment Techniques and Transplantations of Charophytes to Support Threatened Species

Age and site-specific pattern on encrustation of charophytes

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