Encouraging Effective Air Management in Water Pipelines: A Critical Review

Ramezani, Leila; Karney, Bryan W.; Malekpour, Ahmad

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000695

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…They are located at chainages K2 + 360 m, K2 + 700 m, and K2 + 940 m (see Figure 3). Air valves should work in subsonic flow (−0.3 bar < ∆P < 0) during the emptying process [6,16]. Using the formulation presented by Wylie and Streeter [13], the inflow discharge coefficient (C adm ) was calibrated with a value of 0.68 to get similar values to the data provided by the Pam manufacturer (Derbyshire, UK) [19] as shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Pipeline Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emptying Operation of Water Supply Networks

Coronado-Hernández

Fuertes-Miquel

Angulo-Hernandez³

2017

Water

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Abstract:Recently, emptying processes have been studied in experimental facilities in pipelines, but there is a lack regarding applications in actual pipelines, which permits establishing the risk of collapse because of sub-atmospheric pressure occurrence. This research presents a mathematical model to simulate the emptying process of water supply networks, and the application to a water emptying pipeline with nominal diameter of 1000 mm and 578 m long which is located on the southern of Cartagena, Bolívar Deparment, Colombia. In the application, both pipes and the air valve data manufacturer were considered. The behavior of all hydraulic and thermodynamic variables is considered. Results show that is crucial to know sub-atmospheric pressure values to prevent the collapse of the pipeline. The application of the mathematical model confirms that the hydraulic system is well designed depending on air valve sizes and maneuvering of drain valve.

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Section: Pipeline Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bigger the air valve size, the greater the protection of the system reached [6]. If air valves are improperly sized, the hydraulic event can damage not only the pipeline but also protection devices [1,16]. Drain valves maneuvers should be considered during the emptying process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emptying Operation of Water Supply Networks

Coronado-Hernández

Fuertes-Miquel

Angulo-Hernandez³

2017

Water

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“…El aire se introduce en los sistemas hidráulicos (Ramezani et al, 2016) a través de las válvulas de aire, por las juntas y las aberturas que hay en las tuberías instaladas, durante el fallo de los sistemas de bombeo, mediante la liberación de aire disuelto, por la formación de vórtices en la entrada de los grupos de bombeo, etc. Los puntos altos de los sistemas hidráulicos son vulnerables a acumular este volumen de aire que se ha introducido en la red (AWWA, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Parámetros significativos durante los procesos de vaciado en conducciones de agua

et al. 2018

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RESUMENEl proceso de vaciado en conducciones de agua genera depresiones por la expansión del aire en el interior de las tuberías y esto podría causar el colapso del sistema dependiendo de las condiciones de instalación y de la rigidez de la conducción. En este artículo se presenta el análisis de sensibilidad del modelo matemático desarrollado por los autores, analizando los principales parámetros hidráulicos y termodinámicos que intervienen en este proceso tales como: diámetro interior de la tubería, factor de fricción, pendiente longitudinal de la tubería, coeficiente politrópico, diámetro de la ventosa, tamaño de la bolsa de aire y tiempo de apertura. Este análisis se realizó para dos casos posibles: Caso No. 1, tubería con el extremo aguas arriba cerrado; y Caso No. 2, tubería con una ventosa instalada en el extremo aguas arriba. Los resultados muestran que para el Caso No. 1 los parámetros que más inciden en las depresiones son la pendiente longitudinal de la tubería, el coeficiente politrópico y el tamaño de la bolsa de aire; mientras que para el Caso No. 2, la mayoría de los parámetros influyen significativamente durante el proceso de vaciado.Palabras clave | válvulas de aire; interfaz aire-agua; vaciado; análisis de sensibilidad; fenómenos transitorios; redes de abastecimiento de agua. ABSTRACT

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“…between stratified and pressurized regimes induce strong pressure variations. In addition, the presence of air, especially entrapped air pockets, is usually unwanted as it may lead to a reduced efficiency, geysering and damages for pumping systems [43]. In a larger extent, these flows are also involved in the interactions between a free surface and a floating structure such as an iceberg, an off-shore wind turbine or a buoy [39].…”

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confidence: 99%

A splitting method adapted to the simulation of mixed flows in pipes with a compressible two-layer model

Demay

Bourdarias

Meux³

et al. 2019

ESAIM: M2AN

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The numerical resolution of the Compressible Two-Layer model proposed in [27] is addressed in this work with the aim of simulating mixed flows and entrapped air pockets in pipes. This five-equation model provides a unified two-phase description of such flows which involve transitions between stratified regimes (air-water herein) and pressurized or dry regimes (pipe full of water or air). In particular, strong interactions between both phases and entrapped air pockets are accounted for. At the discrete level, the coexistence of slow gravity waves in the stratified regime with fast acoustic waves in the pressurized regime is difficult to approximate. Furthermore, the two-phase description requires to deal with vanishing phases in pressurized and dry regimes. In that context, a robust splitting method combined with an implicit-explicit time discretization is derived. The overall strategy relies on the fast pressure relaxation in addition to a mimetic approach with the shallow water equations for the slow dynamics of the water phase. It results in a three-step scheme which ensures the positivity of heights and densities under a CFL condition based on the celerity of material and gravity waves. In that framework, an implicit relaxation-like approach provides stabilization terms which are activated according to the flow regime. Numerical experiments are performed beginning with a Riemann problem for the convective part. The overall approach is then assessed considering relevant mixed flow configurations involving regime transitions, vanishing phases and entrapped air pockets.Mathematics Subject Classification. 35Q35, 65M08, 76T10, 76M12. IntroductionThis work is devoted to the simulation of the so-called mixed flows in pipes. The latter are encountered in several industrial areas such as nuclear and hydroelectric power plants or sewage pipelines. They are multiregime flows featuring stratified regimes (air-water in the sequel) and pressurized or dry regimes (pipe full of water or air). In particular, transitions occur between these regimes which potentially result in entrapped air pockets. This transient nature may lead to strong constraints on industrial facilities. For instance, the transitions

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Encouraging Effective Air Management in Water Pipelines: A Critical Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 79 publications

Emptying Operation of Water Supply Networks

Emptying Operation of Water Supply Networks

Parámetros significativos durante los procesos de vaciado en conducciones de agua

A splitting method adapted to the simulation of mixed flows in pipes with a compressible two-layer model

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