Enchentes e saúde pública: uma questão na literatura científica recente das causas, consequências e respostas para prevenção e mitigação

Abstract

Floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they affect the lives of approximately 102 million people each year, mainly in developing countries and in major urban areas with a tendency to grow further over the coming decades. The scope of this paper is to provide input for a clearer understanding of these events through the results and experiences to be gleaned from the recent scientific literature. From the Pubmed database, 70 articles were analyzed that fulfilled the criteria to address at least one of the items selected for analysis, namely: 1) causes; 2) consequences; 3) responses and actions: submission of proposals and solutions for the prevention and/or mitigation of the risks and impacts of flooding. Tables for each of the items selected were organized in order to systematize and synthesize the results for causes (attributed to natural and human activities); environmental, infrastructure and services, and health consequences (injuries and diseases classified according to chapters of ICD-10); prevention and mitigation responses and actions. It was concluded that given the scenarios of increased frequency and severity of these events, the challenges facing public health for disaster risk reduction require integrated responses with broad policies for sustainable development.

Social Cost of Leptospirosis Cases Attributed to the 2011 Disaster Striking Nova Friburgo, Brazil

“…In their review of recent literature on the causes, consequences and responses to natural disasters, Freitas and Ximenes [38] emphasized that leptospirosis has had a major effect on health, especially in flooding episodes. In fact, in Nova Friburgo, an average of 3.9 confirmed leptospirosis cases per year were reported to SINAN between 2001 and 2010, whereas in the first three months after the disaster, 177 cases of the disease were confirmed, which was 45.38 times the amount of cases as the municipality’s average.…”

A evolução histórica da drenagem urbana: da drenagem tradicional à sintonia com a natureza

“…Na maioria das enchentes, a maior demanda pelos serviços de saúde ocorre nas primeiras 24 horas a 48 horas. Após 72 horas, normalmente os atendimentos são pelo consumo de água contaminada, aglomeração de pessoas, exposição climática e aumento de vetores 23 . Há estudos que apontaram para aumento da taxa de mortalidade nos 12 meses subsequentes ao evento que causam, além da morte de humanos, a de animais 26 .…”

Climate change and health: An analysis of causal relations on the spread of vector-borne diseases in Brazil

“…Populations subjected to situations of floods usually show symptoms of post-traumatic stress (Alderman et al, 2012;Stanke et al, 2012). Furthermore, there are water-borne and vectorborne agents that affect the eyes, skin and gastrointestinal tract (Huang et al, 2016), many of them being transmitted by vectors such as Leptospirosis, Schistosomiasis and arboviruses like Dengue, Zika, or Malaria (Freitas and de Ximenes, 2012).…”