Encephalomalacic Lesions in Pigs Dually Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Pseudorabies Virus

Narita, Minoru; Ishii, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2004.05.001

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In addition, neurotoxicity is an important feature of PRRSV infection in pigs [ 19 ]. Brain injury caused by other pathogens is aggravated after coinfection with PRRSV [ 20 ]. In our study, CNS diseases did not develop in the SS7-infected pigs, but the incidence of CNS diseases was doubled in the coinfected pigs as compared to that in the HP-PRRSV-infected pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 7 increases the virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs

Wang

Li³

et al. 2010

Virol J

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BackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis are common pathogens in pigs. In samples collected during the porcine high fever syndrome (PHFS) outbreak in many parts of China, PRRSV and S. suis serotype 7 (SS7) have always been isolated together. To determine whether PRRSV-SS7 coinfection was the cause of the PHFS outbreak, we evaluated the pathogenicity of PRRSV and/or SS7 in a pig model of single and mixed infection.ResultsRespiratory disease, diarrhea, and anorexia were observed in all infected pigs. Signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease were observed in the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV)-infected pigs (4/12) and the coinfected pigs (8/10); however, the symptoms of the coinfected pigs were clearly more severe than those of the HP-PRRSV-infected pigs. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the coinfected pigs (8/10) than in the HP-PRRSV- (2/12) and SS7-infected pigs (0/10). The deceased pigs of the coinfected group had symptoms typical of PHFS, such as high fever, anorexia, and red coloration of the ears and the body. The isolation rates of HP-PRRSV and SS7 were higher and the lesion severity was greater in the coinfected pigs than in monoinfected pigs.ConclusionHP-PRRSV infection increased susceptibility to SS7 infection, and coinfection of HP-PRRSV with SS7 significantly increased the pathogenicity of SS7 to pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 7 increases the virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs

Wang

Li³

et al. 2010

Virol J

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“…The virus-induced cellular damage to neurons and neuroglial cells might be the reason for the neurological diseases ( Cao et al, 2012 ; Bryant et al, 2018 ). The dead donkey in the farm was probably the result of the direct action of EHV-8, just like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or pseudorabies virus in pigs ( Narita and Ishii, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Viral Encephalitis in Donkeys by Equid Herpesvirus 8 in China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The equine herpesvirus type 8 (EHV-8) can cause significant economic losses in the global horses and donkey industry. The disease has been associated with abortion and respiratory symptoms. However, it is rare for a study to be reported about donkeys with neurological diseases induced by EHV-8 infection. In the present study, one 2-year-old male donkey, from a large-scale donkey farm in China, died with a severe neurological disorder. The causative agent, donkey/Shandong/10/2021 (GenBank accession: OL856098), was identified and isolated from the brain tissue of the dead donkey. Meanwhile, BALB/c mice were used as an animal model to evaluate the pathogenicity of the EHV-8 isolate. Our data showed that EHV-8 was positive in brains by PCR and immunohistochemistry, which induced typical viral encephalitis lesions in both donkey and mice consistent with clinical signs. For the first time, we reported that EHV-8 had been isolated from donkeys with a neurological illness in China, which is helpful to reveal the pathogenicity of EHV-8 in the donkey.

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“…When immunizing pigs (30 days of age), 2.0 × 10 9 CFU immunization doses of vaccine strain was administered orally in accordance with the vaccine instructions for the use of the C500 strain. A total of 128 pigs were randomly assigned to four groups, as follows: group 1 (pigs 1–32) received C522; group 2 (pigs 33–64) received C521; group 3 (pigs 65–96) received C500; group 4 (pigs 97–128) was non-infected controls, respectively, via the oral route ( Narita and Ishii, 2004 ). Twelve pigs per group, group B, group C and group D were used for the evaluation of C521 to evaluate whether or not having ability to elicit a mucosal immune response via the oral route in swine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C500 variants conveying complete mucosal immunity against fatal infections of pigs with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis C78-1 or F18+ Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

Liu,

Li,

Liao

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) C500 strain is a live, attenuated vaccine strain that has been used in China for over 40 years to prevent piglet paratyphoid. However, this vaccine is limited by its toxicity and does not offer protection against diseases caused by F18+ Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which accounts for substantial economic losses in the swine industry. We recently generated a less toxic derivative of C500 strain with both asd and crp deletion (S. Choleraesuis C520) and assessed its efficacy in mice. In addition, we demonstrate that C520 is also less toxic in pigs and is effective in protecting pigs against S. Choleraesuis when administered orally. To develop a vaccine with a broader range of protection, we prepared a variant of C520 (S. Choleraesuis C522), which expresses rSF, a fusion protein comprised of the fimbriae adhesin domain FedF and the Shiga toxin-producing IIe B domain antigen. For comparison, we also prepared a control vector strain (S. Choleraesuis C521). After oral vaccination of pigs, these strains contributed to persistent colonization of the intestinal mucosa and lymphoid tissues and elicited both cytokine expression and humoral immune responses. Furthermore, oral immunization with C522 elicited both S. Choleraesuis and rSF-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in the sera and gut mucosa, respectively. To further evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of these strains as mucosal delivery vectors via oral vaccination, we evaluated their protective efficacy against fatal infection with S. Choleraesuis C78-1, as well as the F18+ Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli field strain Ee, which elicits acute edema disease. C521 conferred complete protection against fatal infection with C78-1; and C522 conferred complete protection against fatal infection with both C78-1 and Ee. Our results suggest that C520, C521, and C522 are competent to provide complete mucosal immune protection against fatal infection with S. Choleraesuis in swine and that C522 equally qualifies as an oral vaccine vector for protection against F18+ Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

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Encephalomalacic Lesions in Pigs Dually Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Pseudorabies Virus

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Secondary infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 7 increases the virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs

Secondary infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 7 increases the virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs

The Emergence of Viral Encephalitis in Donkeys by Equid Herpesvirus 8 in China

C500 variants conveying complete mucosal immunity against fatal infections of pigs with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis C78-1 or F18+ Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

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