Encapsulation of Oleuropein in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Biocompatibility and Antioxidant Efficacy in Lung Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Oxidative damage has been linked to a number of diseases. Oleuropein (OLE), a natural occurring polyphenol from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.), is known to be a potent antioxidant compound with inherent instability and compromised bioavailability. Therefore, in this work, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were proposed for OLE encapsulation to protect and improve its antioxidant efficacy. The lipid matrix, composed of olive oil and Precirol, was optimized prior to OLE encapsulation. The characterization of the optimized oleuropein-loaded NLCs (NLC-OLE) showed a mean size of 150 nm, a zeta potential of −21 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.12%, sustained release profile, and improved radical scavenging activity. The cellular in vitro assays demonstrated the biocompatibility of the NLCs, which were found to improve and maintain OLE antioxidant efficacy in the A549 and CuFi-1 lung epithelial cell lines, respectively. Overall, these findings suggest a promising potential of NLC-OLE to further design a pulmonary formulation for OLE delivery in lung epithelia.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Made of Ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro Evaluation of Emerging Nanocarriers to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…The increment of the liquid lipid ratio led to a decrease in the size of the nanoparticles, as shown in previous publications ( Table 2 ) [ 50 , 51 ]. Moreover, as seen in DSC thermograms ( Figure A1 ), the addition of the liquid lipid to the solid lipid led to a slight reduction of the melting point of Precirol of 3–4 °C in all NLC thermograms, which is similar to previously conducted studies [ 50 , 52 , 53 ]. Anyway, the selected solid:liquid lipid ratio for the two different lipids, Mygliol and DHAH, was in the ratio normally used for NLC preparation [ 24 ].…”

Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein-Enriched Extracts Obtained from Olive Oil Wastes and By-Products as Active Antioxidant Ingredients for Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Films

“…Mass loss was 73% in the interval between temperatures 200 and 500 °C, which suggested the cracking of –C–C–, –C=C–, and –OH bonds to further form CO 2 , H 2 O, and carbonaceous material [ 39 ]. In the case of OleE, the maximum degradation peak was shifted to 235 °C, with a shoulder at 352 °C; the increased thermal stability compared to HTyrE can be related to the more complex chemical structure of OleE, which is able to justify the delayed thermal degradation [ 40 , 41 ]. The higher residual mass at the end of the test for OleE (25.6%) when compared with HTyrE (10.9%) is also ascribable to the higher tendency of OleE to charrification.…”

Preparation, Biosafety, and Cytotoxicity Studies of a Newly Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Biodegradable Mesoporous Silica Nanosystem Based on Multimodal and Synergistic Treatment

“…When NPs are injected to systemic circulation, they adsorb plasma proteins that change the size of NPs and extent of phagocytosis by macrophages, thus affecting in vivo distribution and retention time [ 33 , 34 ]. Before SNS incubation with PBS, 2% BSA, and 5% FBS, the particle size was 94.6 nm by DLS.…”

“…Generally, smaller particles are less likely to be removed by the RES, leading to a more favorable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile. Additionally, smaller particles also have a more hydrophilic surface, potentially decreasing protein adsorption [ 34 ]. However, if particles are too small, such as below 10 nm, they are more likely to extravasate from the liver and kidney.…”