Encapsulated nitrate and cashew nut shell liquid on blood and rumen constituents, methane emission, and growth performance of lambs1,2

El-Zaiat, Hani M.; Araújo, Rafael Canonenco de; Soltan, Yosra Ahmed; Morsy, A.S.; Louvandini, Hélder; Pires, Alexandre Vaz; Patiño, Harold Ospina; Correa, Patricia; Abdalla, Adibe Luiz

doi:10.2527/jas.2013-7084

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Consistent results in the literature demonstrate, over the short-term, that dietary nitrate can be successfully administered at levels capable of reducing CH 4 with no adverse effects on performance in sheep (Van Zijderveld et al, 2010;Li et al, 2012;El-Zaiat et al, 2014), goats (Nguyen et al, 2010), dairy cows (Van Zijderveld et al, 2011) and beef cattle (Huyen et al, 2010). However, a comprehensive review by Bruning-Fann and Kaneene (1993) reported a reduction in feed intake when nitrate was included in the diet at 10 g nitrate/kg DM (cattle) and 30 g nitrate/kg DM (sheep).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Impact of adding nitrate or increasing the lipid content of two contrasting diets on blood methaemoglobin and performance of two breeds of finishing beef steers

Duthie

Rooke

Troy

et al. 2016

Animal

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Adding nitrate to the diet or increasing the concentration of dietary lipid are effective strategies for reducing enteric methane emissions. This study investigated their effect on health and performance of finishing beef cattle. The experiment was a two × two × three factorial design comprising two breeds (CHX, crossbred Charolais; LU, Luing); two basal diets consisting of (g/kg dry matter (DM), forage to concentrate ratios) 520 : 480 (Mixed) or 84 : 916 (Concentrate); and three treatments: (i) control with rapeseed meal as the main protein source replaced with either (ii) calcium nitrate (18 g nitrate/kg diet DM) or (iii) rapeseed cake (RSC, increasing acid hydrolysed ether extract from 25 to 48 g/kg diet DM). Steers (n = 84) were allocated to each of the six basal diet × treatments in equal numbers of each breed with feed offered ad libitum. Blood methaemoglobin (MetHb) concentrations (marker for nitrate poisoning) were monitored throughout the study in steers receiving nitrate. After dietary adaptation over 28 days, individual animal intake, performance and feed efficiency were recorded for a test period of 56 days. Blood MetHb concentrations were low and similar up to 14 g nitrate/kg diet DM but increased when nitrate increased to 18 g nitrate/kg diet DM ( P < 0.001). An interaction between basal diet and day ( P < 0.001) indicated that MetHb% was consistently greater in Concentrate -than Mixed-fed steers at 18 g nitrate/kg diet DM. Maximum individual MetHb% was 15.4% (of total Hb), which is lower than considered clinically significant (30%). MetHb concentrations for individual steers remained consistent across time. Concentrate-fed steers were more efficient (lower residual feed intake (RFI) values) than Mixed-fed steers ( P < 0.01), with lower dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/day) ( P < 0.001) and similar average daily gain (ADG). CHX steers were more efficient (lower RFI; P < 0.01) than LU steers with greater ADG ( P < 0.01), lower DMI (/kg BW; P < 0.01) and lower fat depth ( P < 0.001). ADG, BW or DMI did not differ across dietary treatments ( P > 0.05). Neither basal diet nor treatment affected carcass quality ( P > 0.05), but CHX steers achieved a greater killing out proportion ( P < 0.001) than LU steers. Thus, adding nitrate to the diet or increasing the level of dietary lipid through the use of cold-pressed RSC, did not adversely affect health or performance of finishing beef steers when used within the diets studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Impact of adding nitrate or increasing the lipid content of two contrasting diets on blood methaemoglobin and performance of two breeds of finishing beef steers

Duthie

Rooke

Troy

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…This, combined with the abundance of TCNSL, due to its industrial applications, make it an attractive methane mitigation agent. A recent study with lambs by El-Zaiat et al (2014) reported no additive effect of CNSL (about 49% anacardic acid and 39% cardanol) and nitrate on methane emission or propionate concentration. In that study, CNSL was supplemented at about 0.14% of dietary DM (which is comparable to the application rate of TCNSL in the current experiment).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of technical cashew nut shell liquid on rumen methane emission and lactation performance of dairy cows

Branco

Giallongo

Frederick

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Technical-grade cashew nut shell liquid (TCNSL) is a by-product of the cashew nut industry in tropical countries, and is known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including inhibitory effect against gram-positive bacteria. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of TCNSL (73.3% cardanol, 16.4% cardol, and 3.0% methylcardol) on rumen methane emission, nutrient digestibility, dry matter intake, and milk yield and composition in dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in a crossover design trial with two 21-d experimental periods. The diet was based on corn silage and alfalfa haylage and was formulated to meet or exceed the energy and metabolizable protein requirements of the cows. Treatments were control (no TCNSL supplementation) or 30 g/cow per day of TCNSL. Rumen carbon dioxide emission was not affected by TCNSL. Treatment had no effect on methane emission (542 vs. 511±35.3 g/cow per day, respectively) and methane emission intensity (15.0 vs. 13.9±0.58 g/kg of energy-corrected milk, respectively) and tended to decrease methane emission per kilogram of dry matter intake (20.2 vs. 18.6±1.04 g/kg, respectively). Dry matter intake (average 26.9±1.00 kg/d), milk yield (40.0±1.73 kg/d), and milk composition were not different between treatments. The TCNSL had no effect on N losses in urine and feces and total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients, except digestibility of neutral detergent fiber tended to be increased compared with the control. Plasma urea and glucose concentrations were not affected by TCNSL. Concentration of milk C18:0 tended to be decreased (17%) by TCNSL compared with the control. In this study, TCNSL did not alter absolute methane emission in the rumen, but tended to decrease it by 8% per kilogram of dry matter intake. The TCNSL had no effect on milk yield and composition in dairy cows.

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“…Several studies also reported an increase of acetate molar percentage with nitrate supplementation (El-Zaiat et al, 2014; Guyader et al, 2015a; Veneman et al, 2015). A shift toward acetate, whose formation from carbohydrates results in the release of [2H], could have been caused by lower [2H] availability as shown by the lower gH 2 and dH 2 when NIT was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Redirection of Metabolic Hydrogen by Inhibiting Methanogenesis in the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC)

2017

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A decrease in methanogenesis is expected to improve ruminant performance by allocating rumen metabolic hydrogen ([2H]) to more energy-rendering fermentation pathways for the animal. However, decreases in methane (CH4) emissions of up to 30% are not always linked with greater performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the fate of [2H] when CH4 production in the rumen is inhibited by known methanogenesis inhibitors (nitrate, NIT; 3-nitrooxypropanol, NOP; anthraquinone, AQ) in comparison with a control treatment (CON) with the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC). Measurements started after 1 week adaptation. Substrate disappearance was not modified by methanogenesis inhibitors. Nitrate mostly seemed to decrease [2H] availability by acting as an electron acceptor competing with methanogenesis. As a consequence, NIT decreased CH4 production (−75%), dissolved dihydrogen (H2) concentration (−30%) and the percentages of reduced volatile fatty acids (butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, caproate and heptanoate) except propionate, but increased acetate molar percentage, ethanol concentration and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (+14%) without affecting gaseous H2. Nitrooxypropanol decreased methanogenesis (−75%) while increasing both gaseous and dissolved H2 concentrations (+81% and +24%, respectively). Moreover, NOP decreased acetate and isovalerate molar percentages and increased butyrate, valerate, caproate and heptanoate molar percentages as well as n-propanol and ammonium concentrations. Methanogenesis inhibition with AQ (−26%) was associated with higher gaseous H2 production (+70%) but lower dissolved H2 concentration (−76%), evidencing a lack of relationship between the two H2 forms. Anthraquinone increased ammonium concentration, caproate and heptanoate molar percentages but decreased acetate and isobutyrate molar percentages, total microbial nitrogen production and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (−16%). Overall, NOP and AQ increased the amount of reduced volatile fatty acids, but part of [2H] spared from methanogenesis was lost as gaseous H2. Finally, [2H] recovery was similar among CON, NOP and AQ but was largely lower than 100%. Consequently, further studies are required to discover other so far unidentified [2H] sinks for a better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in [2H] production and utilization.

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Encapsulated nitrate and cashew nut shell liquid on blood and rumen constituents, methane emission, and growth performance of lambs1,2

Cited by 55 publications

References 37 publications

Impact of adding nitrate or increasing the lipid content of two contrasting diets on blood methaemoglobin and performance of two breeds of finishing beef steers

Impact of adding nitrate or increasing the lipid content of two contrasting diets on blood methaemoglobin and performance of two breeds of finishing beef steers

Effect of technical cashew nut shell liquid on rumen methane emission and lactation performance of dairy cows

Redirection of Metabolic Hydrogen by Inhibiting Methanogenesis in the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC)

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