Encapsulated fish oil enriched in α‐tocopherol alters plasma phospholipid and mononuclear cell fatty acid compositions but not mononuclear cell functions

Yaqoob, Parveen; H, Pala; Cortina-Borja, M.; Newsholme, Eric A.; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00623.x

Cited by 271 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Intervention studies have shown that changes in EPA occur mainly at the expense of AA and LA (von Schacky et al, 1985;Katan et al, 1997). Similar observations were made for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (Gibney & Hunter, 1993;Yaqoob et al, 2000). Owing to the usually low amount of available immune competent cells in epidemiological studies we chose RBC membranes as a proxy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in red blood cell membranes

et al. 2005

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Objective: Due to inconsistent results based on dietary intake data, unsaturated fatty acids in red blood cell (RBC) membranes and diet were used to investigate their association with allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Setting: Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (2002-03), Germany. Subjects: A total of 568 adult participants, 325 women and 243 men. Methods: By means of logistic regression models, the relation of fatty acids to (i) allergic sensitisation as defined by means of specific serum immunoglobulin E analysis (CAPSX1 class Z2), and (ii) self-reported allergic rhinitis was examined. Results: A high cell membrane level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) was inversely associated with allergic sensitisation, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.52 (0.30-0.90) for the highest (vs lowest) quartile. A similar effect was observed for allergic rhinitis with an OR (95% CI) of 0.50 (0.24-1.03; P ¼ 0.027 for trend). A higher dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) was associated with a decreased risk of allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.51 (0.28-0.93) and 0.43 (0.20-0.93), respectively, in the highest quartiles. No other dietary or cell membrane unsaturated fatty acid was significantly associated with the outcome variables, nor was the n-6/n-3 ratio. The strongest effects were observed among subjects under the age of 40 y. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study among adults, a high content of n-3 fatty acids in RBC membranes (EPA) or in the diet (ALA) is associated with a decreased risk of allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis. Sponsorship: The study was supported by funds of the Kurt-Eberhard-Bode-Stiftung and the Bavarian Ministry of Environment, Health and Consumer Protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in red blood cell membranes

et al. 2005

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“…Kelley et al (1999) have reported inhibition of NK cell activity following 6 g DHA/d in young males. In contrast, Yaqoob et al (2000) have found no effect of 3 . 3 g EPA + DHA/d on NK cell activity in a mixed group of healthy subjects.…”

Section: Effects Of Epa and Dha On Natural Killer Cell Activitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Differential immunomodulation with long-chainn-3 PUFA in health and chronic disease

Sijben¹,

2007

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The balance of intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA, and consequently their relative incorporation into immune cells, is important in determining the development and severity of immune and inflammatory responses. Some disorders characterised by exaggerated inflammation and excessive formation of inflammatory markers have become among the most important causes of death and disability in man in modern societies. The recognition that long-chain n-3 PUFA have the potential to inhibit (excessive) inflammatory responses has led to a large number of clinical investigations with these fatty acids in inflammatory conditions as well as in healthy subjects. The present review explores the presence of dose-related effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on immune markers and differences between healthy subjects and those with inflammatory conditions, because of the important implications for the transfer of information gained from studies with healthy subjects to patient populations, e.g. for establishing dose levels for specific applications. The effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production by lymphocytes and monocytes in healthy subjects have been studied in twenty-seven, twenty-five and forty-six treatment cohorts respectively, at intake levels ranging from 0 . 2 g EPA + DHA/d to 7 . 0 g EPA + DHA/d. Most studies, particularly those with the highest quality study design, have found no effects on these immune markers. Significant effects on lymphocyte proliferation are decreased responses in seven of eight cohorts, particularly in older subjects. The direction of the significant changes in cytokine production by lymphocytes is inconsistent and only found at supplementation levels ‡ 2 . 0 g EPA + DHA/d. Significant changes in inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes are decreases in their production in all instances. Overall, these studies fail to reveal strong dose-response effects of EPA + DHA on the outcomes measured and suggest that healthy subjects are relatively insensitive to immunomodulation with longchain n-3 PUFA, even at intake levels that substantially raise their concentrations in phospholipids of immune cells. In patients with inflammatory conditions cytokine concentrations or production are influenced by EPA + DHA supplementation in a relatively large number of studies. Some of these studies suggest that local effects at the site of inflammation might be more pronounced than systemic effects and disease-related markers are more sensitive to the immunomodulatory effects, indicating that the presence of inflamed tissue or 'sensitised' immune cells in inflammatory disorders might increase sensitivity to the immunomodulatory effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA. In a substantial number of these studies clinical benefits related to the inflammatory state of the condition have been observed in the absence of significant effects on immune markers of inflammation. This finding suggests that conditionspecific clinical end points might be more sensitive markers...

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“…They do this by decreasing the amount of AA in membrane phospholipids and competitively inhibiting the production of AA-derived eicosanoids from COX and 5-LOX [44]. For example, when healthy subjects were supplemented with fish oil providing 2.1g EPA + 1.1g DHA/d for 12 weeks, the amount of AA in plasma phospholipids and mononuclear cells decreased by 20% while that of EPA increased, altering the ratio of AA:EPA from 23:1 to 1.5:1 in plasma phospholipids and from 28:1 to 6:1 in mononuclear cells [45].…”

Section: Metabolism Of Pufas and Formation Of Eicosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary manipulation in musculoskeletal conditions

Rayman

Pattison

2008

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology

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Encapsulated fish oil enriched in α‐tocopherol alters plasma phospholipid and mononuclear cell fatty acid compositions but not mononuclear cell functions

Abstract: Supplementation of the diet with 3.2 g EPA plus DHA per day markedly alters plasma phospholipid and PBMC fatty acid compositions. The lack of effect of FO upon PBMC functions may relate to the level of alpha-tocopherol included in the supplements.

Cited by 271 publications

References 51 publications

Allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in red blood cell membranes

Allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in red blood cell membranes

Differential immunomodulation with long-chainn-3 PUFA in health and chronic disease

Dietary manipulation in musculoskeletal conditions

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