Objective: To identify the methodological-theoretical evolution of the Health Situation Analysis (HAS) in Latin America and the Caribbean, and analyze the challenges to implement it. Methodology: A narrative review based on research studies, reflective articles and manuals published in databases as EBSCO, PubMed, Redalyc, Scielo and Lilacs, from 2000 to 2017, related to the analysis of the population's health situation. 67 documents were chosen and analyzed and contents were compared with HAS conducted in the region. Results: The study found that the guidelines to direct the implementation of HAS reproduced an epidemiological/administrative health diagnosis model, many of which subscribe gender perspective, social determinants, intersectionality and social participation as their axis of analysis, which is demonstrated in 90 % of the 19 government reports recovered. 80 % of the 10 original research studies recovered were identified as descriptive, observational and cross-sectional studies, with little participation from first level Healthcare teams and minimum participation from populations and representatives of other