“…Secondly, new models of funding and a payment-byresults accountability risk introducing new incentives, as Kelly (2012, p. 114) put it, that "focus on less challenging (potential) participants and prioritize short-term interventions over long-term relationship building". What is more, research has illustrated how youth programs pursuing fixed externally defined outcomes potentially have the perverse effect of excluding those who differ most from a desired developmental trajectory or pro-gram endpoint (Coussée, Roets, & De Bie, 2009;Tiffany, 2011). This is especially relevant if such a trajectory or endpoint is conceptualized based on mainstream conventions and practices regarding education, employment or positive youth development, conventions and practices that are perpetuated by the same institutions (for example, schools and career services) that make young people vulnerable in the first place (Haudenhuyse, Theeboom, & Nols, 2013).…”