Empirical Models for Estimating Mercury Flux from Soils

Lin, Che‐Jen; Gustin, Mae Sexauer; Singhasuk, Pattaraporn; Eckley, Chris S.; Miller, Matthieu B.

doi:10.1021/es1021735

Cited by 82 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Soil types, soil moisture and Hg content in soil are also important factors influencing observed Hg 0 flux (Xu et al, 1999;Kocman and Horvat, 2010;Lin et al, 2010a). observed that rainfall and irrigation enhances soil Hg 0 emission by 1 order of magnitude.…”

Section: Air-soil Hg Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental factors interact naturally (e.g., irradiation and temperature), which can impose synergistic and antagonistic effects on forcing Hg 0 flux changes (Gustin and Stamenkovic, 2005). Figure 4 shows the individual effects and synergism between solar radiation, air tem- perature and water content on Hg 0 flux from a typical low organic content soil (∼ 1.5 wt %) (Lin et al, 2010a). The three individual factors enhance flux by 90-140 %, while two-factor synergetic effect accounts for additional 20-30 % enhancement.…”

Section: Air-soil Hg Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

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Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Reliable quantification of air-surface fluxes of elemental Hg vapor (Hg 0 ) is crucial for understanding mercury (Hg) global biogeochemical cycles. There have been extensive measurements and modeling efforts devoted to estimating the exchange fluxes between the atmosphere and various surfaces (e.g., soil, canopies, water, snow, etc.) in the past three decades. However, large uncertainties remain due to the complexity of Hg 0 bidirectional exchange, limitations of flux quantification techniques and challenges in model parameterization. In this study, we provide a critical review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of Hg 0 . Specifically, the advancement of flux quantification techniques, mechanisms in driving the air-surface Hg exchange and modeling efforts are presented. Due to the semi-volatile nature of Hg 0 and redox transformation of Hg in environmental media, Hg deposition and evasion are influenced by multiple environmental variables including seasonality, vegetative coverage and its life cycle, temperature, light, moisture, atmospheric turbulence and the presence of reactants (e.g., O 3 , radicals, etc.). However, the effects of these processes on flux have not been fundamentally and quantitatively determined, which limits the accuracy of flux modeling.We compile an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on the global Hg budget. Mean Hg 0 fluxes obtained by micrometeorological measurements do not appear to be significantly greater than the fluxes measured by dynamic flux chamber methods over unpolluted surfaces (p = 0.16, one-tailed, Mann-Whitney U test). The spatiotemporal coverage of existing Hg 0 flux measurements is highly heterogeneous with large data gaps existing in multiple continents (Africa, South Asia, Middle East, South America and Australia). The magnitude of the evasion flux is strongly enhanced by human activities, particularly at contaminated sites. Hg 0 flux observations in East Asia are comparatively larger in magnitude than the rest of the world, suggesting substantial re-emission of previously deposited mercury from anthropogenic sources. The Hg 0 exchange over pristine surfaces (e.g., background soil and water) and vegetation needs better constraints for global analyses of the atmospheric Hg budget. The existing knowledge gap and the associated research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts for the air-surface exchange of Hg 0 are discussed.

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Section: Air-soil Hg Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air-soil Hg Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

et al. 2016

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“…1). Previous researches suggested that Hg emission flux from soils was positively correlated with soil surface temperature and solar radiation especially in laboratory investigation (Kocman and Horvat, 2010;Lin et al, 2010;Choi and Holsen, 2009a); however, it was also often observed that there was no significant relationship between Hg emission flux and environmental parameters in field experiments (Stamerkovic et al, 2008;Ericksen et al, 2006). For example, a peak of Hg emission flux (58.1 ng m -2 hr -1 ) occurred from LS during early morning (around 2 am) on May 29 th when soil temperature and UV-A radiation were low; however, early morning peak was not shown on May 30th (Fig.…”

Section: Hg Exchange In Lawn Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exchange Flux from Two Different Soil Types and Affecting Parameters

Park¹,

Kim²,

Han³

2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Mercury exchange fluxes between atmosphere and soil surface were measured in two different types of soils; lawn soil (LS) and forest soil (FS). Average Hg emission from LS was higher than from FS although the soil Hg content was more than 2 times higher in forest soil. In LS, Hg emissions were much greater in warm season than in cold season; however, deposition was dominant in FS during warm season because of leafy trees blocking the solar radiation reaching on the soil surface. In both LS and FS, Hg fluxes showed significantly positive correlations with UV radiation and soil surface temperature during cold season. In addition, it was observed that emission showed positive correlation with UV radiation and soil temperature while there was negative relationship between deposition and UV radiation.

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“…For example, the soil temperature, redox potential, moisture content, and organic matter content significantly affect the TGM concentration in forest soils. Studies have shown that higher soil temperatures can increase atmospheric TGM fluxes (Gustin et al 1997; Choi and Holsen 2009;Lin et al 2010) and lead to higher TGM concentrations in background soils (Sigler and Lee 2006). The soil redox potential might affect soil TGM concentrations by changing the availability of electrons for oxidation-reduction reactions involving Hg(II) and GEM (Schuster 1991;Zhang and Lindberg 1999;Obrist et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mercury spatial variations in the fault zone and corresponding influence factors

X¹,

Si²,

Xiang³

et al. 2017

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Field measurements were performed using a LUMEX RA-915+ mercury vapour analyser to determine the gaseous mercury (Hg) concentrations in the soils of the North China plain, Loess Plateau, Changping District, Haiyuan fault zone, and north Beiluntai (BLT) fault at the edge of south Tianshan. The factors affecting the soil gas Hg concentration, such as the sampler type, test hole depth, soil characteristics, fault characteristics, and the mechanisms of their influence are discussed in terms of a gas diffusion equation. The results show that (1) the soil gas Hg concentration is affected mainly by the time lapse between the hole drilling and measurement, test hole depth and sampler shape; (2) the measured soil gas Hg concentration agrees well with the gas diffusion equation analytical solution, and the curve shape is closely related to the degree of Hg enrichment in the soil and the soil density; and (3) the soil gas concentration in the fracture zone is largely affected by the rock type, tectonics, the fault slip rate, the degree of fault locking, the development degree of fractures between the hanging wall and footwall, and the degree of fracture locking because these factors can alter the Hg upward transport channels and degree of surface enrichment. The effects of these factors on the diffusion coefficient in shallow soil layers are insignificant. The diffusion coefficient D depends on the particle size, density and porosity of the soil materials.

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Empirical Models for Estimating Mercury Flux from Soils

Cited by 82 publications

References 36 publications

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review

Mercury Exchange Flux from Two Different Soil Types and Affecting Parameters

Soil mercury spatial variations in the fault zone and corresponding influence factors

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