Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Industry Type and Firm Size on Export Barriers

Silva, Joaquim Ramos; Franco, Mário; Magrinho, André

doi:10.3846/16111699.2016.1143874

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It was also possible to understand that the companies significantly perceived the IB, whether IIB or EIB. Although Anil et al [48] have found a positive relationship between this variable and the performance of internationalization, in the opinion of the authors an unexpected conclusion; our results go in the opposite direction, in line with the literature review carried out on this variable [70]. The most relevant IB are the reduced support from the Portuguese Government Institutions and the difficulties in receiving reliable information from the target markets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Determinants of Internationalization as Levers for Sustainability: A Study of the Portuguese Pharmaceutical Sector

Vieira¹,

Frade²,

Ascenso³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Pharmaceutical industry faces the pressure of a global economy, the loss of value in local markets and the highly innovative intensity that characterizes the sector. With this investigation, we intend to carry out the first characterization of the Portuguese pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to identify the determinants of internationalization as levers of sustainability and to establish a pattern that corresponds to better outcomes in pharmaceutical companies’ internationalization ventures. All companies from the Portuguese pharmaceutical export sector, a total of 16 companies, were contacted. Data was collected from a highly representative sample corresponding to 63% of the total. A previous contextualization of the pharmaceutical sector and a bibliographic review were carried out, creating the basics of the empirical framework, a quantitative research. This study revealed a deeply internationalized sector, but the overall results are conditioned by some weaknesses, namely the lack of sustainable competitive advantages, a limitation in companies’ resources to compete in a global environment and the reduced innovation in the object of internationalization. It was also observed the reduced institutional support to export ventures. This sector is considered strategic given the high contribution to country's exports. The conclusions of this study may have important implications for Portuguese pharmaceutical industry, to institutional organizations supporting the sector and to the academic environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Determinants of Internationalization as Levers for Sustainability: A Study of the Portuguese Pharmaceutical Sector

Vieira¹,

Frade²,

Ascenso³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Although there are various classifications regarding export barriers (Arteaga-Ortiz & Fernández-Ortiz, 2010), many researchers such as Narayanan (2015), Al-Hyari et al, 2012 andSilva et al (2016) have recognized the categorization of Leonidou (2004) who defines those barriers into two different categories, namely, internal and external (Leonidou, 2004). Both internal and external export barriers have negative impacts on export performance of companies (Sinkovics et al, 2018;Al-Hyari et al, 2012;Adu-Gyamfi & Korneliussen, 2013).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision

Ključnikov

Civelek

Krajčík

et al. 2022

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Research background: Due to having lack of financial power and low amount of revenues, most of SMEs? major concerns are bankruptcy and low financial performance. Those issues are risky situations for SMEs when making for their exporting activities. Therefore, depending on their performance and bankruptcy risk, they might more intensively perceive export barriers and this fact might determine their export decisions. Purpose of the article: This paper examines whether financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs affect their perceptions of export obstacles or not. Methods: This research performs random sampling method and directs an internet-mediated questionnaire to the selected respondents who are the executives of 408 Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian SMEs. To examine the influences of firm performance and bankruptcy on the perceptions of export impediments by SMEs, this paper employs Ordinal Logistic Regression Test. Findings & value added: The results show that SMEs having less healthy financial conditions less intensively perceive cultural-linguistic export barriers in comparison with SMEs having better financial performance. Moreover, firm performance is not a predictor variable in the perceptions of export costs, legislative and tax-related barriers by SMEs. On the other hand, while SMEs having more bankruptcy concerns more intensively perceive tax-related and cultural-linguistic barriers, bankruptcy concerns of SMEs do not influence their perceptions of export costs and legislative differences. Although many studies have investigated the impacts of financial conditions of SMEs on their internationalization and exporting decisions, they are isolated with only a market or only with a financial issue. The limited extents of those studies cause a partial investigation of export and financial issues of SMEs and make readers having a narrow perspective in this specific area. By focusing on various export obstacles and financial issues that SMEs face in different markets, this research offers a detailed understanding of SMEs? perceptions regarding their financial conditions and export barriers, from a comprehensive perspective. In this regard, this is the research gap that this paper aims to fill.

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“…On the other hand, businesses that have more resources are able to collaborate with foreign businesses (Silva et al, 2016). For these reasons, the perceptions of export barriers by SMEs in different size categories might differ (Silva et al, 2016;Forte, Salomé Moreira, 2018).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have also analyzed the impact of internal factors that belong to firms' characteristics and competencies such as firms' sources, company tradition (Lobo, Fernandes, Ferreira, Peris-Ortiz, 2020), lack of knowledge of the international market (Hutchinson, Fleck, Lloyd-Reason, 2009) on internationalization and the export activities of SMEs (Virglerova et al, 2020b). The positive relationship between firm size and export activities (Silva, Franco, Magrinho, 2016;Lejárraga, Oberhofer, 2015;Radojević, Marjanović, Radovanov, 2014), and firm age and exports (Daszkiewicz, 2014) have been analyzed by some studies. The differences in the percetions of export barriers by SMEs in various sectors (Lejárraga, Oberhofer, 2015;Al-Hyari, Al-Weshah, Alnsour, 2012;Silva et al, 2016) and legal forms have also been highlighted by some studies (Lejárraga, Oberhofer, 2015;Subrahmanya, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive relationship between firm size and export activities (Silva, Franco, Magrinho, 2016;Lejárraga, Oberhofer, 2015;Radojević, Marjanović, Radovanov, 2014), and firm age and exports (Daszkiewicz, 2014) have been analyzed by some studies. The differences in the percetions of export barriers by SMEs in various sectors (Lejárraga, Oberhofer, 2015;Al-Hyari, Al-Weshah, Alnsour, 2012;Silva et al, 2016) and legal forms have also been highlighted by some studies (Lejárraga, Oberhofer, 2015;Subrahmanya, 2014). But different from the studies that are mentioned above, this paper focuses on the differences in the perceptions export obstacles by SMEs of the same size, age, legal form and sector but from different countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International Differences in the Perceptions of Export Obstacles By SMEs in the Same Firm-Level Characteristics: Evidence from European Countries

Civelek

Polách

Švihlíková

et al. 2022

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

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Research background: Most of SMEs encounter many impediments when performing direct exporting activities. This is because various countries have different legislative and tax burdens and cultural-linguistic diversities that create export barriers for SMEs from other countries. Even SMEs that are the same size, age, from the same sector or legal form, their perceptions of export obstacles might differ depending on countries where they are located. Purpose: This research investigates the differences between the export obstacle perceptions of SMEs from different countries but with the same firm-level characteristics Research methodology: To achieve this aim, the researchers apply a random sampling method to determine the research sample. Moreover, the researchers created an online questionnaire to gather the research data. Finally, 408 SMEs from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have been analyzed by performing a Kruskal-Wallis analyses with the Dunnett T3 Post Hoc Test to achieve the aims of the research. Results: The empirical results express the differences and the similarities between the perceptions of export obstacles by SMEs. While the perceptions of Czech-Hungarian and Slovak-Hungarian SMEs do not differ in any same firm-level characteristics, the differences exist between Czech and Slovak SMEs that are smaller in size, older and, that have limited liability and sector categories. Compare with their Czech counterparts in these categories, Slovak SMEs perceive export obstacles less intensively. The approaches of a government on SMEs and investment freedom in a nation and the exporting patterns of SMEs might be the reasons for these similarities and differences among SMEs in various countries which are in the same age, size, sector and legal form categories. Novelty: The significant results that this research proves in same firm-level characteristics and an international context makes this paper unique research in the literature. Therefore, policy makers, academicians, SMEs, and financing institutions might gain many benefits from the findings of this study.

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Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Industry Type and Firm Size on Export Barriers

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Determinants of Internationalization as Levers for Sustainability: A Study of the Portuguese Pharmaceutical Sector

Determinants of Internationalization as Levers for Sustainability: A Study of the Portuguese Pharmaceutical Sector

Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision

International Differences in the Perceptions of Export Obstacles By SMEs in the Same Firm-Level Characteristics: Evidence from European Countries

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