Emissivity of Lanthanum Hexaboride Thermionic Electron Gun Cathode

Kowalczyk, Jeremy M. D.; Hadmack, Michael R.; Szarmes, Eric B.; Madey, J. M. J.

doi:10.1007/s10765-014-1712-3

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In Ref. [6], the emissivity of LaB6 varies according to different wavelengths. The wavelength specification of the thermal camera is in the range of 780 -1080 nm, corresponding to an emissivity value within 0.67 and 0.81.…”

Section: Cathode Temperature Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the High-Current Electron-Beam Ion Source Charge Breeder for the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams

Son,

Lapierre,

Schwarz

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The Reaccelerator (ReA) of the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams (FRIB) employs an Electron-Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) as a charge breeder to reaccelerate rare-isotope beams up to 12 MeV/u. The ReA EBIT produces an electron current of 300 – 600 mA. The maximum trap capacity of the ReA EBIT is 1010 elementary charges. FRIB production rates are expected to exceed 1010 particles/s in some cases in the future. There is also a user demand for reaccelerated stable-isotope beams of more than 1010 pps. To handle these rates and provide redundancy, a High Current Electron-Beam Ion Source (HCEBIS) has been built and is now being commissioned. An electron-beam current of 2 A with a 50 % duty cycle has been transported through a 4-T field. An upcoming upgrade to increase the electron-beam current up to 4 A will allow for a maximum trap capacity of 2.4×1011 elementary charges. We present the status of the HCEBIS, including the results of the electron-beam commissioning and systematic studies.

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Section: Cathode Temperature Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the High-Current Electron-Beam Ion Source Charge Breeder for the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams

Son,

Lapierre,

Schwarz

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Type one is the tungsten filament electron gun, which is heated over 2500 • C, resulting in the thermal emission of electrons from its tip [43,44]. The second type of electron gun is the lanthanum hexaboride filament, which produces thermionic emissions, with the advantages of a longer working life and brighter beam of electrons from a larger maximum beam current [45,46]. These electron guns are relatively more expensive than conventional tungsten filament guns.…”

Section: Basic Sem Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Ali,

Zhang,

Santos

2023

Applied Sciences

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool in the domains of materials science, mining, and geology owing to its enormous potential to provide unique insight into micro and nanoscale worlds. This comprehensive review discusses the background development of SEM, basic SEM operation, including specimen preparation and image processing, and the fundamental theoretical calculations underlying SEM operation. It provides a foundational understanding for engineers and scientists who have never had a chance to dig in depth into SEM, contributing to their understanding of the workings and development of this robust analytical technique. The present review covers how SEM serves as a crucial tool in mineral characterization, with specific discussion on the workings and research fronts of SEM-EDX, SEM-AM, SEM-MLA, and QEMSCAN. With automation gaining pace in the development of all spheres of technology, understanding the uncertainties in SEM measurements is very important. The constraints in mineral phase identification by EDS spectra and sample preparation are conferred. In the end, future research directions for SEM are analyzed with the possible incorporation of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence tools to automate the process of mineral identification, quantification, and efficient communication with researchers so that the robustness and objectivity of the analytical process can be improved and the analysis time and involved costs can be reduced. This review also discusses the idea of integrating robotics with SEM to make the equipment portable so that further mineral characterization insight can be gained not only on Earth but also on other terrestrial grounds.

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“…The wavelength-dependent emissivity of LaB 6 for the temperature regions relevant in this example has already been extensively investigated [18], so that relatively accurate measurement results may be assumed for this range, with a maximum error of 2%. The emitter exhibited a distinct hollow profile of the heat distribution.…”

Section: Thermal Limit Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Mag — a laboratory for studying plasma physics and diagnostics in strong magnetic fields

et al. 2023

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We have set up a diagnostic magnet (D-Mag) laboratory for a wide range of applications in plasma physics. It consists of a superconducting magnet for field strengths of up to 5.9 T. The main purpose is to provide an experimental environment for the development of plasma diagnostics for nuclear fusion studies and the investigation of dusty plasmas in strong magnetic fields. We describe in the article the setup and operation of the D-Mag. Some applications are presented for the development of plasma diagnostics, such as neutral pressure gauges and Langmuir probes that have to be operated in strong magnetic fields. Among the examples is the test of the long-pulse capability and stability of the diagnostic pressure gauge (DPG) for the ITER device.

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Emissivity of Lanthanum Hexaboride Thermionic Electron Gun Cathode

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Status of the High-Current Electron-Beam Ion Source Charge Breeder for the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams

Status of the High-Current Electron-Beam Ion Source Charge Breeder for the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

D-Mag — a laboratory for studying plasma physics and diagnostics in strong magnetic fields

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