Emissions of Polychlorodibenzodioxin/Furans (PCDD/Fs), Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Volatile Compounds Produced in the Combustion of Pine Needles and Cones

Moltó, Julia; Font, Rafael; Gálvez, Araceli; Muñoz, Marı́a Jesús; Pequenín, Ana

doi:10.1021/ef901136r

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…40 Additionally, decreased PAH emissions to the atmosphere were reported for high temperature burning in laboratory combustion studies. 41,42 Zhang et al 41 also found lower ∑ 16 PAH emissions during combustion of agricultural crop residues at higher burn intensities. Similarly, Molto et al 42 found decreased ∑ 16 PAH yields from pine needles and cones when the burn temperature increased from 550 to 850 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…41,42 Zhang et al 41 also found lower ∑ 16 PAH emissions during combustion of agricultural crop residues at higher burn intensities. Similarly, Molto et al 42 found decreased ∑ 16 PAH yields from pine needles and cones when the burn temperature increased from 550 to 850 °C. Although ∑ 16 PAH concentrations showed no significant difference (p = 0.06) between W-Ash and the nonburned soils in this study, the average ∑ 16 PAH concentration in W-Ash was about two times higher than the nonburned soils with a p-value (0.06) approaching our significance threshold (p ≤ 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Wildfire Burn Intensity Affects the Quantity and Speciation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils

Chen

Chow

et al. 2018

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Wildfire-altered soil may be an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. With projected increase of wildfire frequency and intensity due to changing global climate, understanding the quantity and speciation of PAHs, including halogenated PAHs (XPAHs), resulting from different burn intensities has important ramifications for environmental quality concerns and global soil carbon dynamics. Here, we quantified levels of 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulated PAHs, 3 chlorinated PAHs, and 6 brominated PAHs in nonburned forest soils and burned ash/soil samples covered with black ash (B-Ash; moderate burn intensity) or white ash (W-Ash; severe burn intensity) from the 2013 Rim Fire (1,041 km 2 ) in California. The ∑ 16 PAH concentrations follow (mean ± standard deviation; μg/kg) B-Ash (893 ± 285) > W-Ash (515 ± 333) ≈ nonburned soils (247 ± 58). Moreover, the ∑ 16 PAH profiles were altered by both moderate and severe burn conditions with the size of aromatic structures following B-Ash > W-Ash > nonburned soils. Neither chlorinated nor brominated PAH concentration was significantly elevated by moderate or severe wildfire. Overall, fire intensity is critical in regulating soil PAH concentrations and profiles. Given the high erodibility of wildfire ash, these PAHs can be easily transported to rivers and reservoirs where they could impact the aquatic food web and drinking source water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Wildfire Burn Intensity Affects the Quantity and Speciation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils

Chen

Chow

et al. 2018

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…Table 5 shows a comparison of the yields of PCDD/Fs and PCBs obtained in the combustion of other samples in the same laboratory reactor and the same residential stove. Pine needles and cones 0.12 175 Moltó et al (2010) The presence of metals in the fuel increases the levels of PCDD/Fs generated, as can be observed in Table 5 comparing the emissions of PCDD/Fs from the combustion of sewage sludge with high metal content and sewage sludge with low metal content. Levels of PCDD/Fs obtained in the combustion of furniture wood waste are lower than those obtained in the combustion of sewage sludge (with high and low metal content) and biomass (such as needles and cones of pine).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of gaseous emissions and ashes from the combustion of furniture waste

2016

Self Cite

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Gaseous emissions and ash obtained in the combustion of furniture waste have been studied, with particular emphasis on the emissions of hazardous pollutants, such as PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBS. Two different combustion procedures were carried out, one of them in a conventional residential stove (without an automatic control of combustion air and bad mixing of combustion gases with air), and the other in a laboratory-scale reactor (operating under substoichiometric conditions). Three different experiments were carried out in the residential stove, in which the gaseous emissions and ashes obtained were analysed. The fuel burnt out in two of the experiments was furniture wood waste and in one of the experiments, the fuel burnt out was briquettes composed of a mixture of furniture wood with 10wt.% of polyurethane foam. One of the purposes of these experiments was the evaluation of the possible inhibition effect of the higher nitrogen content on the formation of PCDD/Fs. Slight inhibition of the PCDD/F formation was found although, it is noteworthy that the lowest yield of PAHs, volatile and semi-volatile compounds were obtained in the combustion of these briquettes. In all experiments, the emission factors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs) were between 29 and 74ng WHO-TEQ/kg sample burnt, lower than that obtained by other authors in the burning of pine needles and cones. PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs emissions from furniture wood waste combustion were also analysed in the laboratory scale reactor at 850°C and the results were compared with the values obtained from the combustion of solid wood (untreated wood). The total equivalent toxicity obtained was 21.1ng WHO-TEQ/kg sample for combustion of furniture wood waste, which is low in comparison with those obtained for other waste combustion in similar conditions. In the laboratory scale reactor, PCDFs were the dominant compounds in the profiles of PCDD/Fs, by contrast, in the combustion in the residential stove, the majority compounds were PCDDs, due to the different operation conditions.

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“…Moltó et al carried out an experiment involving burning tomato plants in a laboratory reactor at 500°C and in a home furnace at 220°C. The amount of PCBs produced in the exhaust gases was measured, and the following results were obtained for the reactor: 3284.46 ng/kg of biomass and 1.68 ng/kg of burnt biomass for the household stove [ 20 ]. The above studies illustrate that despite the lack of PCBs in waste, PCBs can be formed when various wastes are incinerated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of municipal and industrial waste incinerators on PCBs content in the environment

Gabryszewska

Gworek

2020

PLoS ONE

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been withdrawn from the market due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation capacity, and persistence. PCBs have been observed to potentially form in combustion processes under appropriate conditions and in the presence of precursors containing chlorine. The study covered a municipal waste incineration plant and an industrial waste incineration plant. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of these objects on PCB accumulation in soil and plants taking into account the distance from the emission object and wind direction. Soil samples were collected from layers: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm. Test plants were collected from the same areas as the soil samples. The highest accumulation of PCBs was found in plants with large leaf area. Around the municipal waste incineration plant, these were Tanacetum vulgare leaves (12.45 ng/g), and around the industrial waste incineration plant–grasses (4.3 ng/g). In the case of soils, the accumulation of PCBs for both kind waste incinerators was similar, reaching approximately 3 ng/g. As the distance from the municipal waste incinerator and industrial waste incinerator increased, the accumulation of PCBs in the soil decreased. For municipal waste incinerator, no effect of wind direction on PCB accumulation in the soil was observed. In the majority of cases, the accumulation of PCBs in soils taken from the leeward side of the industrial waste incinerator was higher than that in soils from the windward side. In soils around the municipal waste incinerator, PCB compounds moved deep into the soil and reached the highest accumulation in the soil layer of 10-20 cm or 20-30 cm. In soils around the industrial waste incinerator, the highest accumulation of PCBs occurred in the soil layer of 0-5 cm.

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Emissions of Polychlorodibenzodioxin/Furans (PCDD/Fs), Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Volatile Compounds Produced in the Combustion of Pine Needles and Cones

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Wildfire Burn Intensity Affects the Quantity and Speciation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils

Wildfire Burn Intensity Affects the Quantity and Speciation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils

Characterization of gaseous emissions and ashes from the combustion of furniture waste

Impact of municipal and industrial waste incinerators on PCBs content in the environment

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