Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the raising of weaned pigs on straw-based and sawdust-based deep litters

Nicks, Baudouin; Laitat, Martine; Vandenheede, Marc; Desiron, Alain; Verhaeghe, Claire; Canart, Bernard

doi:10.1051/animres:2003017

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is comparable with the results of Wolter et al (2004). The emissions are greater from slurry under a slatted floor than from straw litter (Nicks et al, 2003Nicks, 2004). Molecular nitrogen emissions were higher in the organic and freerange pork farms as a result of the use of straw litters.…”

Section: Flows and Balancessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The mathematical models used for the calculation of these flows are presented in Debouche and Lambin (1999). Data from Groot Koerkamp and Uenk (1997), Guillou et al (1993), Kermarrec (2000), Ni et al (1996) and Nicks et al (2003Nicks et al ( , 2004 were also used. Let's note that the data presented by the above cited authors have been achieved under experimental conditions, sometimes far removed from actual conditions, but remain nevertheless interesting indications and the only alternative to on-the-spot measurements.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conventional versus alternative pig production assessed by multicriteria decision analysis

Degré

Debouche

Verheve

2007

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Differentiated quality and respect for the environment seem to be linked implicitly, but there is no demonstration of this concept for pig production. Pig production takes on different forms. Conventional pig production occurs side by side with some productions of "differentiated qualities" that are encouraged by the European Union as well as by nations. At the same time, the EU and nations are imposing environmental limitations concerning, for instance, the management of nitrogen and respect for neighbours. Here, we compared environmental impacts of 3 types of production: conventional production, organic production and free-range production. We took into account the process performances of 21 farms in the Walloon Region, Belgium. We compared the global process performances by multicriteria analysis. A jury of 16 experts was questioned to assign a relative importance to the emissions of ammonia, greenhouse gases, molecular nitrogen, odour and nitrogen to effluents. We found that the highest weighting was assigned to the N content of effluents, then to odour diffusion, the emission of ammonia, the emissions of greenhouse gas and finally, the emission of molecular nitrogen got a weak weighting. Our results showed that the relative ordering obtained was: (1) free-range production, (2) organic production and (3) conventional production. Nevertheless, within every sample a significant variability in the performances was observed. The same method applied within every sample enabled the creation of sub-groups. After reordering, we found that the most effective farms of every system of production were classified as top of the class. Thus, our original approach showed that on average the production of differentiated qualities was more environmentally effective than the conventional production. However, the variability of the performances within a system of production was high and it was quite possible for the conventional farms to reach results comparable with those of the best organic and free-range operations. differentiated quality / organic farming / free-range farming / nitrate Directive / ammoniac / odour / Electra III

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Section: Flows and Balancessupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional versus alternative pig production assessed by multicriteria decision analysis

Degré

Debouche

Verheve

2007

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…The water from the lagoon may be recycled as flush water or used to irrigate and fertilise fields. (2000), , Nicks et al (2003).…”

Section: Uncovered Anaerobic Lagoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average value based on Nicks et al (2003) and Moller et al (2000). Some literature cites higher values to 20% for well maintained, active mixing, but those systems included treatment for ammonia which is not typical.…”

Section: Cattle and Swine Deep Beddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada

et al. 2013

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Flesch, T. K., Vergé, X. P. C., Desjardins, R. L. and Worth, D. 2013. Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 159–169. The emission rate of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere was measured from a concrete manure tank at a farrow-to-finish swine facility in western Canada. Measurements were made during four seasonal campaigns using a bLS inverse-dispersion technique. Emission rates were highest in summer and lowest in winter, with intermediate rates in spring and fall. Annual emissions were estimated at 7600 kg CH4, or 6.3 kg CH4 m−2 of tank surface area. Site-specific factors used for estimating CH4 emissions were calculated from our measurements. A simple methane conversion factor, used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to relate emissions to the volatile solids content of the manure, was calculated as 0.23. This value may be unrepresentatively high due to the long duration (15 mo) that manure was stored in the tank. A more sophisticated calculation methodology considers the influence of manure storage duration and temperature, and includes a critical management design practices (MDP) factor. The MDP factor was calculated as 0.31 for our tank. This MDP value implies that emissions from our manure tank were lower than expected given the results from other studies.

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“…Sources of CO 2 within a poultry house include fuel combustion, bird respiration and ambient air content (typically 550-900 mg/m 3 ) (Olanrewaju et al, 2008). The transformation of organic material in litter, especially by bedding moistening, or adjustments of ventilation systems are also accompanied by the release of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and other gases (Jelínek et al, 2001;Nicks et al, 2003;Jelínek et al, 2004;Dolejš et al, 2006). It is generally recommended that CO 2 concentrations should be kept below 5 500 mg/m 3 (Council Directive 2007/43/EC, 2007.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the age and season of fattening period on carbon dioxide emissions from broiler housing

Knížatová¹,

Mihina²,

Brouček³

et al. 2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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AbstrAct:The quantification of emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities is of prime importance for determining the importance of their effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to test a hypothesis that the interior concentration and emission of carbon dioxide in chicken housing is impacted by the age of animals and season of fattening period. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations and emissions were assessed over six fattening periods in total. The major part of CO 2 seemed to have its origin in bird respiration with assumed production of approx. 147 kg of CO 2 /h. CO 2 emission was most affected by chickens towards the end of the grow-out period (P < 0.001) taking dominance over the process of natural gas burning by heaters. The mean CO 2 emission from the chicken house ranged between 120 and 247 kg/h in the first quarter of periods and between 325 and 459 kg/h in the last ones. The heaters could be theoretically a possible source of approx. 39 kg each hour if they worked continuously. CO 2 emissions were considerably more affected by ventilation rate (P < 0.001) than by CO 2 concentration in the indoor air.

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Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the raising of weaned pigs on straw-based and sawdust-based deep litters

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Conventional versus alternative pig production assessed by multicriteria decision analysis

Conventional versus alternative pig production assessed by multicriteria decision analysis

Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada

Effect of the age and season of fattening period on carbon dioxide emissions from broiler housing

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