Emission of volatile sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes in grapevine genotypes following Plasmopara viticola inoculation in vitro

Abstract

The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops globally, and one of its most important diseases in terms of economic losses is downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola. Several wild Vitis species have been found to be resistant to this pathogen and have been used in breeding programs to introduce resistance traits to susceptible cultivars. Plant defense is based on different mechanisms, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a major role in the response to insects and pathogens. Although grapevine resistance mechanisms and the production of secondary metabolites have been widely characterized in resistant genotypes, the emission of VOCs has not yet been investigated following P. viticola inoculation. A Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to analyze the VOCs emitted by in vitro-grown plants of grapevine genotypes with different levels of resistance. Downy mildew inoculation significantly increased the emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes by the resistant SO4 and Kober 5BB genotypes, but not by the susceptible V. vinifera Pinot noir. Volatile terpenes were implicated in plant defense responses against pathogens, suggesting that they could play a major role in the resistance against downy mildew by direct toxicity or by inducing grapevine resistance. The grapevine genotypes differed in terms of the VOC emission pattern of both inoculated and uninoculated plants, indicating that PTR-ToF-MS could be used to screen hybrids with different levels of downy mildew resistance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Non-targeted Metabolomics Approach Unravels the VOCs Associated with the Tomato Immune Response against Pseudomonas syringae

“…Terpenoids induced by herbivores act in plant defense by attracting insect predators, and by acting as repellents or toxic compounds (Turlings and Tumlinson, 1992; Wegener et al, 2001). Besides, they have been associated to resistance against downy mildew in grapevine (Alarcón et al, 2015). However, the role of terpenoids in plant-bacteria interactions is not well studied.…”

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“…Cabernet Sauvignon) were propagated from wood cuttings in a greenhouse. All tests were performed with fully expanded grapevine leaves from the fourth to sixth leaf positions from the shoot tip on foliar discs [4].…”

“…Grapevine (Vitisvinifera) is one of the major fruit crops worldwide [1]. However, grapevine downy mildew, one of the most destructive diseases caused by Plasmopara viticola (P. viticola) [2], can lead to significant reduction (by 20%-30%) of yield [3][4][5]. Disease management has been one of the major tasks for viticulture after the infection of the plant by downy mildew [6].…”

“…Disease management has been one of the major tasks for viticulture after the infection of the plant by downy mildew [6]. To effectively control the disease and avoid substantial yield loss, chemical fungicide is the optimal choice [4]. However, the intensive use of synthetic fungicides becomes more and more restricted due to their negative impacts on the environment and humans [7].…”

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