Emission comparison of urban bus engine fueled with diesel oil and ‘biodiesel’ blend

Turrio-Baldassarri, Luigi; Battistelli, Chiara Laura; Conti, L.; Crebelli, Riccardo; Berardis, Barbara De; Iamiceli, Anna Laura; Gambino, M.; Iannaccone, Sabato

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.033

Cited by 245 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In general, biodiesel has undetectable SO 2 and lower polyaromatic hydrocarbons emissions, but slightly higher nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions than petroleum diesel [39]. In a comparison of a 20% biodiesel-petroleum diesel (B20) blend with petroleum diesel, no statistical difference was measured between acrolein emissions from a bus engine, commonly used in Italy [40]. Studies conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed a consistent trend towards reduction in the acrolein emissions from biodiesel-petroleum diesel blends, but the differences were not statistically significant [39].…”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease

Stevens

Maier

2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

618

634

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Acrolein (2-propenal) is ubiquitously present in (cooked) foods and in the environment. It is formed from carbohydrates, vegetable oils and animal fats, amino acids during heating of foods, and by combustion of petroleum fuels and biodiesel. Chemical reactions responsible for release of acrolein include heat-induced dehydration of glycerol, retro-aldol cleavage of dehydrated carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Strecker degradation of methionine and threonine. Smoking of tobacco products equals or exceeds the total human exposure to acrolein from all other sources. The main endogenous sources of acrolein are myeloperoxidase-mediated degradation of threonine and amine oxidase-mediated degradation of spermine and spermidine, which may constitute a significant source of acrolein in situations of oxidative stress and inflammation. Acrolein is metabolized by conjugation with glutathione and excreted in the urine as mercapturic acid metabolites. Acrolein forms Michael adducts with ascorbic acid in vitro, but the biological relevance of this reaction is not clear. The biological effects of acrolein are a consequence of its reactivity towards biological nucleophiles such as guanine in DNA and cysteine, lysine, histidine, and arginine residues in critical regions of nuclear factors, proteases, and other proteins. Acrolein adduction disrupts the function of these biomacromolecules which may result in mutations, altered gene transcription, and modulation of apoptosis.

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Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease

Stevens

Maier

2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

618

634

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“…Photochemical processes associated with the decomposition organic species, e.g., HC, are important secondary sources. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratios were compared with those cited in the literature 37 and the results were consistent. The lowest average rate in this study was 0.7 for B5.…”

Section: Aldehydesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…17,18 Previous studies showed that benzene emission is proportional to the addition of biodiesel in the fuel. Turrio-Baldassarri et al 27 reported benzene emissions of 4.2 mg kW -1 h -1 for diesel and 6.8 mg kW -1 h -1 for B20. These results are in agreement with this study in which benzene emissions were slightly higher in B100 than in B5 in 15 and 60 minutes.…”

Section: Btexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration Profiles of Regulated and Unregulated Pollutants Emitted from the Combustion of Soybean Biodiesel and Diesel/Biodiesel Blend Originating of a Diesel Cycle Engine

Amaral

Ventura

Amaral

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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This study evaluated the concentration profiles of regulated and unregulated pollutants emitted from a stationary diesel engine cycle, operating at the speed of 1800 rpm and 0% load, using biofuels and binary blends. The experimental test considered fuel burning time on three different periods and storage times. The operation of the engine when it is still cold, for example at 15 minutes, showed negative effect on particulate matter (PM), benzene and ethylbenzene emissions in pure soybean biodiesel (B100) compared to the blend of diesel with 5% biodiesel (B5). Regarding to the concentration of mono aromatics, aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), this study showed similar results to those reported in the literature, where B5 fuel emits more pollutants than pure biodiesel. However, comparing some pollutants individually, benzene and ethylbenzene emissions were higher for B100 and pure soybean biodiesel with butil-hydroxyanisol additive (B100 Adt). The B5 showed the highest concentration profile for the PAH sum in the gaseous and particulate phases in longer engine operation periods.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In regard to regulated emissions, the diesel/ biodiesel blends bring some environmental advantages, such as the reduction in the emissions of PM, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), sulfur oxides (SO x ) and hydrocarbons (HC), even though there is an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. 5 But when taking into account unregulated pollutants (such as carbonyls and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), among others), it was found biodiesel may increase emission levels of some of these substances, [13][14][15][16]18,19 although contradictory results are reported, [20][21][22] probably due to the differences in the engine technology, fuel composition, and driving regime. However, it is still uncertain if biodiesel-exhausted particles (BEP) would be more or less toxic than DEP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Caused by Fine Particles (PM2.5) Exhausted from Heavy-Duty Vehicles Using Diesel/Biodiesel Blends under Real World Conditions

Jesus¹,

Mosca²,

Guarieiro³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this work, the redox activity of fine diesel/biodiesel particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was studied in order to approach its toxicity from reactive oxygen species, due to adverse effects it may cause to human health. The oxidative potential was measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay in order to study the relative contribution of water-soluble transition metals, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH), nitro-PAH, and quinones. It was analyzed a total of 24 samples collected from primarily diesel/biodiesel-exhausted particles from buses. The rate concentrations of PM 2.5 redox activity ranged 0.020-0.069 nmol min -1 μg -1, with median at 0.040 nmol min -1 μg -1 (on average, 0.042 ± 0.005 nmol min -1 μg -1 for morning, 0.033 ± 0.007 nmol min -1 μg -1 for afternoon and 0.045 ± 0.009 nmol min -1 μg -1 for night). The transition metals appear to dominate the DTT response, since they were responsible up to 89% of redox activity measured in the samples. Apparently, the metal fraction contained in PM 2.5 demonstrated a greater ability to catalyze reactions that promote the formation of reactive oxygen species when compared to organic compounds. It was observed that the oxidative potential of PM 2.5 particles emitted from diesel/biodiesel (B7) is similar to diesel-emitted particles.

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Emission comparison of urban bus engine fueled with diesel oil and ‘biodiesel’ blend

Cited by 245 publications

References 31 publications

Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease

Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease

Concentration Profiles of Regulated and Unregulated Pollutants Emitted from the Combustion of Soybean Biodiesel and Diesel/Biodiesel Blend Originating of a Diesel Cycle Engine

In vitro Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Caused by Fine Particles (PM2.5) Exhausted from Heavy-Duty Vehicles Using Diesel/Biodiesel Blends under Real World Conditions

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