Emerging regulatory mechanisms and functions of autophagy in fish

Xia, Xiaojing; Wang, Xin; Qin, Wanhai; Jiang, Jinqing; Cheng, Likun

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734212

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Innate immune response is generally tightly linked to cellular homeostasis regulation and precedes adaptive immune response. The ability of the fish to maintain cellular homeostasis during infection is of primary importance when facing infection, and mechanisms include redox, biological quality control (autophagy) as well as ion level maintenance [ 71 , 72 ]; all of which were found to be affected in Platax . For instance, infected fish largely activate effectors of iron ion homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

et al. 2021

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Background Tenacibaculum maritimum is a fish pathogen known for causing serious damage to a broad range of wild and farmed marine fish populations worldwide. The recently sequenced genome of T. maritimum strain NCIMB 2154T provided unprecedented information on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the virulence of this species. However, little is known about the dynamic of infection in vivo, and information is lacking on both the intrinsic host response (gene expression) and its associated microbiota. Here, we applied complementary omic approaches, including dual RNAseq and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing using Nanopore and short-read Illumina technologies to unravel the host–pathogen interplay in an experimental infection system using the tropical fish Platax orbicularis as model. Results We showed that the infection of the host is characterised by an enhancement of functions associated with antibiotic and glucans catabolism functions but a reduction of sulfate assimilation process in T. maritimum. The fish host concurrently displays a large panel of immune effectors, notably involving innate response and triggering acute inflammatory response. In addition, our results suggest that fish activate an adaptive immune response visible through the stimulation of T-helper cells, Th17, with congruent reduction of Th2 and T-regulatory cells. Fish were, however, largely sensitive to infection, and less than 25% survived after 96 hpi. These surviving fish showed no evidence of stress (cortisol levels) or significant difference in microbiome diversity compared with controls at the same sampling time. The presence of T. maritimum in resistant fish skin and the total absence of any skin lesions suggest that these fish did not escape contact with the pathogen, but rather that some mechanisms prevented pathogens entry. In resistant individuals, we detected up-regulation of specific immune-related genes differentiating resistant individuals from controls at 96 hpi, which suggests a possible genomic basis of resistance, although no genetic variation in coding regions was found. Conclusion Here we focus in detail on the interplay between common fish pathogens and host immune response during experimental infection. We further highlight key actors of defence response, pathogenicity and possible genomic bases of fish resistance to T. maritimum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

et al. 2021

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“…The liver histology results revealed a clear progression of pathologies as starvation increased in severity. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, which we suspect were autophagosomes, were the first abnormality detected histologically, becoming elevated in the No Feeding treatment at Day 7 ( Table 2 ; [ 79 ]). Autophagy is a ubiquitous, highly conserved, protective mechanism that allows cells to maintain homeostasis during exposure to a variety of stressors, including starvation, infections, and contaminants [ 80 – 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The health and condition responses of Delta Smelt to fasting: A time series experiment

et al. 2020

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There is an extensive literature establishing, validating, and quantifying a wide range of responses of fishes to fasting. Our study complements this work by comparing fed and unfed treatments of hatchery-raised Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)-an imperiled fish that is endemic to the San Francisco Estuary and its tributaries in California, USAacross a diverse suite of endpoints over a two-month time series. The experiment was conducted at 15.9˚C, and individuals were sampled at 12 time points as starvation became increasingly severe. We found that hepatosomatic index and condition factor were relatively sensitive to starvation, becoming significantly depressed at Day 4 and 7, respectively. Histological analysis of liver showed elevated cytoplasmic inclusion bodies at Day 7, followed by increased glycogen depletion, single cell necrosis, and hydropic vacuolar degeneration at Day 14, 21, and 28, respectively. Of four antioxidants measured, glutathione decreased at Day 4, superoxide dismutase increased at Day 14, catalase increased at Day 56, and glutathione peroxidase was not affected by starvation. The net result was a~2-fold increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in fasted fish that was highly inconsistent through time. RNA to DNA ratio and triglycerides in muscle were relatively insensitive to starvation, only consistently decreasing with fasting after mortality began increasing in the 'No Feeding' treatment, at Day 21. Together, these results suggest that Delta Smelt mobilize hepatic energy stores far more rapidly than lipids in muscle when subjected to fasting, leading to rapid atrophy of liver and the development of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies-possibly autophagosomes-in hepatocytes.

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“…Innate immune response is generally tightly linked to cellular homeostasis regulation and precedes adaptive immune response. The ability of the sh to maintain cellular homeostasis during infection is of primary importance when facing infection, and mechanisms include redox, biological quality control (autophagy) as well as ion level maintenance [74,75]; all of which were found to be affected in Platax. For instance, infected sh largely activate effectors of iron ion homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

Luyer

Schull

Auffret

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Tenacibaculum maritimum is a fish pathogen known for causing serious damage to a broad range of wild and farmed marine fish populations worldwide. The recently sequenced genome of T. maritimum strain NCIMB 2154 T provided unprecedented information on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the virulence of this species. However, little is known about the dynamic of infection in vivo, and information is lacking on both the intrinsic host response (gene expression) and its associated microbiome community. Here, we applied complementary omic approaches, including dual RNAseq and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding sequencing using Nanopore and short-read Illumina technologies to unravel the host–pathogen interplay in an experimental infection system using the tropical fish Platax orbicularis as model. Results: We showed that the T. maritimum transcriptomic landscape during infection is characterised by an enhancement of antibiotic catalytic and glucan catalytic functions but a decrease in the sulfate assimilation process, compared with in vitro cultures. The fish host concurrently displays a large panel of immune effectors, notably involving innate response and triggering acute inflammatory response. In addition, our results suggest that fish activate an adaptive immune response visible through the stimulation of T-helper cells, Th17, with congruent reduction of Th2 and T-regulatory cells. Fish were, however, largely sensitive to infection, and less than 25% survived after 96 hpi. These surviving fish showed no evidence of stress (cortisol levels) or significant difference in microbiome diversity compared with controls at the same sampling time. The presence of Tenacibaculum in resistant fish skin and the total absence of any skin lesions suggest that these fish did not escape contact with the pathogen, but rather that they prevented pathogen entry. In these individuals, we detected up-regulation of specific immune-related genes differentiating resistant individuals from controls at 96 hpi, which suggests a possible genomic basis of resistance, although no genetic variation in coding regions were found. Conclusions: Here we focus in detail on the interplay between common fish pathogens and host immune response during experimental infection. We further highlight key actors of defence response, pathogenicity and possible genomic bases of fish resistance to T. maritimum .

show abstract

Emerging regulatory mechanisms and functions of autophagy in fish

Cited by 40 publications

References 91 publications

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

The health and condition responses of Delta Smelt to fasting: A time series experiment

Dual RNAseq highlights the kinetics of skin microbiome and fish host responsiveness to bacterial infection

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