Emergency vaccination of sheep against foot-and-mouth disease: protection against disease and reduction in contact transmission

Salt, Jeremy; Barnett, P.V.; Dani, Mária; Williams, Linda

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00486-1

Cited by 121 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The assumption that infectious and viraemic periods coincide in time is common in studies of the course of FMD infection (e.g. Gibson & Donaldson 1986;Cox et al 1999) and is employed here for reasons of model parsimony and to avoid problems of parameter identifiability. The use of a more complicated model to account for a possible time delay between the onset (or end) of infectiousness and viraemia would be problematic for inference purposes under the restricted information in the available data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian analysis of experimental epidemics of foot–and–mouth disease

Streftaris

Gibson

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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We investigate the transmission dynamics of a certain type of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus under experimental conditions. Previous analyses of experimental data from FMD outbreaks in non-homogeneously mixing populations of sheep have suggested a decline in viraemic level through serial passage of the virus, but these do not take into account possible variation in the length of the chain of viral transmission for each animal, which is implicit in the non-observed transmission process. We consider a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed non-Markovian compartmental model for partially observed epidemic processes, and we employ powerful methodology (Markov chain Monte Carlo) for statistical inference, to address epidemiological issues under a Bayesian framework that accounts for all available information and associated uncertainty in a coherent approach. The analysis allows us to investigate the posterior distribution of the hidden transmission history of the epidemic, and thus to determine the effect of the length of the infection chain on the recorded viraemic levels, based on the posterior distribution of a p-value. Parameter estimates of the epidemiological characteristics of the disease are also obtained. The results reveal a possible decline in viraemia in one of the two experimental outbreaks. Our model also suggests that individual infectivity is related to the level of viraemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian analysis of experimental epidemics of foot–and–mouth disease

Streftaris

Gibson

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Unlike conventional FMD vaccines, however, emergency vaccines are often of higher potency (≥ 6 protective dose 50 (PD50)) to ensure both rapid protective immunity and greater cross-specificity. The high potency is usually the result of increasing the antigen load per dose and there is good documentary evidence that such emergency vaccines, as either an oil or aqueous formulation, confer rapid and protective immunity in the appropriate target species within 4 days of vaccination [61,74,209]. Additionally, such vaccines also appear to be able to reduce local virus replication in the oropharynx thereby limiting the transmission of disease to other susceptible animals [61,209].…”

Section: "Emergency" Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high potency is usually the result of increasing the antigen load per dose and there is good documentary evidence that such emergency vaccines, as either an oil or aqueous formulation, confer rapid and protective immunity in the appropriate target species within 4 days of vaccination [61,74,209]. Additionally, such vaccines also appear to be able to reduce local virus replication in the oropharynx thereby limiting the transmission of disease to other susceptible animals [61,209]. More recently, studies using an oil-based high potency vaccine in sheep [16] have shown that after only a single vaccination, the antibody levels can be maintained for a significantly longer period of time than normally observed with a conventional formulation.…”

Section: "Emergency" Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth disease virus: a long known virus, but a current threat

et al. 2001

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-Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was the first animal virus identified. Since then, FMDV has become a model system in animal virology and a considerable amount of information on its structure, biology and vaccinology has been obtained. However, the disease that this virus produces (FMD) still constitutes one of the main animal health concerns. In this review, we have attempted to summarise the state of the knowledge in different basic and applied areas of FMDV research, with emphasis on those aspects relevant to the control of the disease. FMDV / structure / immunity / vaccine / variability / diagnosisRésumé -Le virus de la fièvre aphteuse : un virus connu de longue date, qui demeure une menace. Le virus de la fièvre aphteuse a été le premier virus animal identifié. Depuis lors, il est devenu un système modèle en virologie animale, et une quantité importante d'informations sur sa structure, sa biologie et sa vaccinologie a été obtenue. Cependant la maladie provoquée par ce virus constitue encore une inquiétude majeure en santé animale. Dans cette revue, nous avons tenté de résumer l'état des connaissances dans différents domaines de recherche, à la fois fondamentaux et appliqués, sur le virus de la fièvre aphteuse, en mettant l'accent sur les aspects relatifs au contrôle de la maladie. virus de la fièvre aphteuse / immunité / vaccin / variabilité / diagnostic

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“…Commercially available single water-in-oil (W/O) adjuvants, Montanide ISA 25 and ISA 50, and double water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvants, ISA 206, without the addition of saponin, elicited protective humoral immune responses against European FMD serotypes in cattle (Barnett, Pullen, Williams & Doel 1996;Iyer, Ghosh, Singh & Deshmuhk 2001), sheep (Barnett, Keel, Reid, Armstrong, Statham, Voyce, Aggarwal & Cox 2004;Cox, Barnett, Dani & Salt 1999;Patil, Bayra, Ramakrishna, Hugar, Misra, Prabhudas & Natarajan 2002b), goats (Patil, Bayra, Ramakrishna, Hugar, Misra & Natarajan 2002a) and pigs (Barnett et al 1996;Barnett, Cox, Aggarwal, Gerber & McCullough 2002;Barnett & Carabin 2002). The W/O adjuvants induced faster and better protective immune responses than the W/O/W adjuvants (Barnett et al 1996;Iyer et al 2001), while the addition of saponin to the W/O FMD vaccine enhanced the antibody titres especially at lower payloads (Smitsaart, Mattion, Filippi, Robiolo, Periolo, La Torre & Bellinzoni 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing all the SAT serotypes

Cloete¹,

Dungu²,

Staden³

et al. 2008

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;">Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is primarily controlled by vaccination of susceptible animals and movement restrictions for animals and animal-derived products in South Africa. Vaccination using aluminium hydroxide gel-saponin (AS) adjuvanted vaccines containing the South African Territories (SAT) serotypes has been shown to be effective both in ensuring that disease does not spread from the endemic to the free zone and in controlling outbreaks in the free zone. Various vaccine formulations containing antigens derived from the SAT serotypes were tested in cattle that were challenged 1 year later. Both the AS and ISA 206B vaccines adjuvanted with saponin protected cattle against virulent virus challenge. The oilbased ISA 206B-adjuvanted vaccine with and without stimulators was evaluated in a field trial and both elicited antibody responses that lasted for 1 year. Furthermore, the ISA 206 adjuvanted FMD vaccine protected groups of cattle against homologous virus challenge at very low payloads, while pigs vaccinated with an emergency ISA 206B-based FMD vaccine containing the SAT 1 vaccine strains were protected against the heterologous SAT 1 outbreak strain.</span>

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Emergency vaccination of sheep against foot-and-mouth disease: protection against disease and reduction in contact transmission

Cited by 121 publications

References 45 publications

Bayesian analysis of experimental epidemics of foot–and–mouth disease

Bayesian analysis of experimental epidemics of foot–and–mouth disease

Foot-and-mouth disease virus: a long known virus, but a current threat

Evaluation of different adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing all the SAT serotypes

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