Emergence of a new disease as a result of interspecific virulence gene transfer

Friesen, Timothy L.; Stukenbrock, Eva H.; Liu, Zhaohui; Meinhardt, Steven W.; Ling, Hua LingH.; Faris, Justin D.; Rasmussen, J. B.; Solomon, Peter S.; McDonald, Bruce A.; Oliver, Richard P.

doi:10.1038/ng1839

Cited by 657 publications

(738 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Among the several possible underlying mechanisms, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the most rapid way for an organism to gain novel phenotypes [10] and it has contributed to the origin and spread of pathogenesis in numerous bacteria [9,11] and occasionally in eukaryotes [12,13]. In this study, we show that homologs of two large families of known virulence effector genes were likely acquired by Bd .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Evidence for acquisition of virulence effectors in pathogenic chytrids

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe decline in amphibian populations across the world is frequently linked to the infection of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). This is particularly perplexing because Bd was only recently discovered in 1999 and no chytrid fungus had previously been identified as a vertebrate pathogen.ResultsIn this study, we show that two large families of known virulence effector genes, crinkler (CRN) proteins and serine peptidases, were acquired by Bd from oomycete pathogens and bacteria, respectively. These two families have been duplicated after their acquisition by Bd. Additional selection analyses indicate that both families evolved under strong positive selection, suggesting that they are involved in the adaptation of Bd to its hosts.ConclusionsWe propose that the acquisition of virulence effectors, in combination with habitat disruption and climate change, may have driven the Bd epidemics and the decline in amphibian populations. This finding provides a starting point for biochemical investigations of chytridiomycosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Evidence for acquisition of virulence effectors in pathogenic chytrids

et al. 2011

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“…Interestingly, both fungal pathogens produce ToxA, which interacts with the same host gene, Tsn1. Study has strongly suggested that the ToxAencoding gene (ToxA) was horizontally transferred from Parastagonospora nodorum to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Friesen et al 2006). …”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Association Mapping of Resistance to Tan Spot and Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch in Adapted Winter Wheat Germplasm

et al. 2015

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Tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), often occurring together, are two economically significant diseases of wheat in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. They are caused by the fungi Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Parastagonospora nodorum, respectively, both of which produce multiple necrotrophic effectors (NE) to cause disease. In this work, 120 hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars or elite lines, mostly from the United States, were evaluated in the greenhouse for their reactions to the two diseases as well as NE produced by the two pathogens. One P. nodorum isolate (Sn4) and four Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates (Pti2, 331-9, DW5, and AR CrossB10) were used separately in the disease evaluations. NE sensitivity evaluation included ToxA, Ptr ToxB, SnTox1, and SnTox3. The numbers of lines that were rated highly resistant to individual isolates ranged from 11 (9%) to 30 (25%) but only six lines (5%) were highly resistant to all isolates, indicating limited sources of resistance to both diseases in the U.S. adapted HRWW germplasm. Sensitivity to ToxA was identified in 83 (69%) of the lines and significantly correlated with disease caused by Sn4 and Pti2, whereas sensitivity to other NE was present at much lower frequency and had no significant association with disease. As expected, association mapping located ToxA and SnTox3 sensitivity to chromosome arm 5BL and 5BS, respectively. A total of 24 potential quantitative trait loci was identified with −log (P value) > 3.0 on 12 chromosomes, some of which are novel. This work provides valuable information and tools for HRWW production and breeding in the Northern Great Plains.

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“…The virulence may be attributed either to a single gene or to a set of genes that confer a specific characteristic to the pathogen, such as production of host-specific toxins (Friesen et al, 2006;Van der Does and Rep, 2007). F. oxysporum has already been shown as very virulent pathogen.…”

Section: Molecular Identification Of Fusarium Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Pathogenicity and Molecular Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Anise Seeds in Serbia

Pavlović

Ristić

Vučurović

et al. 2016

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is an important medicinal spice plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. Anise seeds are rich in essential oils and this is a reason why anise production in Serbia has increased over the last decade. During a routine health inspection on anise seeds collected from three localities in the province of Vojvodina (Mošorin, Veliki Radinci and Ostojićevo) during 2012 and 2013, it was found out that Fusarium spp. were a commonly observed fungi.

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Emergence of a new disease as a result of interspecific virulence gene transfer

Cited by 657 publications

References 25 publications

Evidence for acquisition of virulence effectors in pathogenic chytrids

Evidence for acquisition of virulence effectors in pathogenic chytrids

Evaluation and Association Mapping of Resistance to Tan Spot and Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch in Adapted Winter Wheat Germplasm

Morphology, Pathogenicity and Molecular Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Anise Seeds in Serbia

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