Embitterment in War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Sabic, Dzevad; Sabic, Adela; Batić-Mujanović, Olivera

doi:10.5455/medarh.2018.72.125-130

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The PRISMA flowchart delineates the review process (see figure 1). Of the 81 full texts included in the review,6 12–21 43–112 some reported multiple studies in the same paper, so there were 88 separate studies included in the review. Of these, six reported prevalence estimates or average scores that could not be pooled, so they were included in the narrative synthesis only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Brennan,

Roberts,

Cole

2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesOccupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) describe the psychological distress caused by exposure to injustice at work. This meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of occupational moral injury and PTED and establish whether prevalence estimates differ depending on occupation.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesGoogle Scholar, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Sage Journals Online were searched in June 2020 and updated in November 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesObservational studies that measured prevalence or average scores of moral injury, or PTED in any occupational group and any geographical location.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened and coded eligible studies. Study design, participant demographics, sampling method, location, measurement tool and prevalence or average scores were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. Results that could not be combined were summarised qualitatively in a narrative synthesis using the Guidance for Systematic Reviews.ResultsIn total, 88 studies across armed forces and veterans, healthcare, first responders, educators, journalists, child protection service employees, the unemployed, public-sector employees and mixed occupations were included. Studies included in each separate meta-analysis based on the measure used ranged from 2 to 30. The pooled prevalence of clinically relevant moral injury in healthcare professionals was 45%, and exposure to any potentially morally injurious event (PMIE) across occupations was 67%. Exposure to transgressions by others and betrayal was significantly lower in the armed forces than civilian occupations. Pooled prevalence of PTED across occupations was 26%.ConclusionExposure to PMIEs, moral injury symptoms and PTED are prevalent at work and exposure to transgressions by others and betrayal are more likely in civilian occupations than the armed forces.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191766.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has shown that PTED often occurs at work, for instance, 73% of PTED patients reported the triggering event as work-related 11. PTED is evident in occupations such as the armed forces,12 13 educators,14 15 healthcare professionals,9 16 17 the unemployed18 19 and in a mix of occupations 20 21…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Brennan,

Roberts,

Cole

2024

BMJ Open

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“…127 SABIC company announced the production of bio-ethylene. 128 The first commercial bio-based ethylene-propylene diene monomer is made of 70% of bio-based ethylene and propylene 129 .…”

Section: Bio-based Conventional Synthetic Rubbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in bio‐based elastomer materials

Tang

Wang

et al. 2022

SusMat

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Elastomers play an irreplaceable role in our society due to their unique properties. Natural rubber is directly obtained from plants and is widely used in tires, shoes, etc. Recently, modified natural rubbers are proposed to expand the application of natural rubber. However, these natural rubbers have a limited variety of molecular structures and may not be able to meet ever-demanding applications. Traditional synthetic elastomers have a variety of molecular structures and their properties are used in various fields, but mainly originate from fossil resources. This review deals with bio-based elastomers, and more specifically natural rubber and bio-based synthetic elastomers. Based on reprocessability, bio-based elastomers can also be divided into bio-based chemically cross-linked ones and thermoplastic ones. Compared to traditional fossil-based elastomers, bio-based ones may alleviate environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the elastomer industry. K E Y W O R D Sbio-based elastomers, chemically cross-linked, natural rubber, synthetic rubber INTRODUCTIONElastomers are polymeric materials possessing low modulus and high elasticity, and can rapidly recover their orig-This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…In the general population, people with PTED have a higher severity of perceived stress and depressive symptoms [ 7 ]. A recent study of war veterans found that those with PTSD had more symptoms of PTED [ 8 ]. In a study that examined comorbid mental disorders and psychometric characteristics of PTED, participants with PTED displayed significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, somatization, PTSD, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insomnia has been proposed as an additional symptom of PTED [ 1 ], but no studies have explored the association between PTED symptoms and insomnia. Most research on the association between PTED and major psychopathology has been done in adult populations before old age [ 6 - 8 , 10 - 14 ]. The clinical presentation of psychiatric disorders in old age often differs from that in younger age [ 15 - 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embitterment in Vietnam War Veterans Predicted by Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Lee,

Han,

Kim

et al. 2024

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective Research on the association between posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) and other psychopathologies in veterans and adults aged ≥65 years is lacking. This study aimed to assess embitterment among elderly war veterans and its association with major psychopathological factors.Methods Participants included Vietnam War veterans who visited a psychiatric clinic. Based on the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTEDS) score, the participants were divided into the embitterment (PTED(+), mean score of PTEDS items [mPTEDS] ≥1.6) and non-embitterment (PTED(-), mPTEDS <1.6) groups. Demographic characteristics, combat exposure severity, depression, anxiety, sleep, and alcohol use disorder symptom scores of the participants were collected and compared between the PTED(+) and PTED(-) groups. A correlation analysis between symptom measure scores and the mPTEDS was conducted. The influence of psychopathology on embitterment was investigated using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.Results In total, 60 participants (28 in PTED(+) and 32 in PTED(-)) were included. Among those in PTED(+), 21 (35.0%) showed mild embitterment symptoms (1.6≤ mPTEDS <2.5) and 7 (11.7%) reported moderate or severe embitterment symptoms (mPTEDS ≥2.5). The mean scores of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety were significantly higher in the PTED(+) than in the PTED(-) group. The mPTEDS were significantly correlated with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder scores. The PTSD symptoms significantly explained the higher mPTEDS score in a regression model.Conclusion Embitterment symptoms were associated with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms in elderly veterans, similar to the results of prior studies involving only the general population.

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Embitterment in War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Current trends in bio‐based elastomer materials

Embitterment in Vietnam War Veterans Predicted by Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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