Emasculation Effects on Filament Growth in Ipomoea Nil (Convolvulaceae)

Kiss, Helen Guiragossian; Koning, Ross E.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb13525.x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Plant growth substances (PGSs) also have a role in filament growth, and although there are some variations between species, gibberellins (GAs), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and cytokinins promote filament growth, whereas ethylene inhibits it ( Raab and Koning 1988; Greyson 1994). Emasculation experiments involving the removal of the anther from stamens suggest that the anther may be a source of some of the PGSs and that it has an important regulatory role in filament growth ( Greyson and Tepfer 1967; Koevenig 1973; Kiss and Koning 1990). However, the possible role of PGSs in gene‐controlled stamen filament growth was not examined in any of these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of plant growth substances in MS33‐controlled stamen filament growth in Arabidopsis

Fei

Sawhney

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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The rapid growth of stamen filaments just before flower anthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana does not occur in the male sterile33 (ms33, formerly known as msZ) mutant. ms33 filaments were approximately 40% shorter than the wild type (WT), and there was corresponding reduction in the epidermal cell length of filaments. This suggests that MS33 controls the final cell‐elongation phase of filament growth. Both low temperatures and gibberellic acid (GA3) restored filament and cell growth in intact ms33 flowers, but these treatments only had a small promotive effect on WT filaments. Decapitation experiments involving the removal of the anther had the opposite effect on WT and ms33 filaments; growth was inhibited in WT, but was increased in ms33 filaments. In young stamen primordia cultured in vitro, filament growth was less in WT, but more in ms33, than in respective in vivo produced filaments. Plant growth substances (PGSs), GA3 and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) were promotive, zeatin had no effect, and abscisic acid (ABA) and ethrel inhibited filament growth in both intact and decapitated WT and ms33 filaments. Together these observations suggest that MS33 is activated immediately before anthesis and that the MS33 product either regulates temporal biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs) and/or IAA or makes the filament tissue sensitive to these PGSs, which in turn trigger cell elongation and filament growth. The data also suggest that ms33 mutant anthers contain a relatively high ratio of growth inhibitors to promoters, which inhibits epidermal cell elongation and filament growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of plant growth substances in MS33‐controlled stamen filament growth in Arabidopsis

Fei

Sawhney

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Emasculating flowers eliminates self-pollen deposition. However, functional anthers are necessary for the growth and development of many flowers (Greyson and Tepfer, 1967), and anther removal may sever hormonal relationships among floral organs and cause developmental abnormalities in flowers (Kiss and Konig, 1990). Not only does emasculation change floral morphology and development, but it may affect pollinator activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linking pollinator visitation rate and pollen receipt

Engel

Irwin

2003

American J of Botany

130

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The majority of flowering plants require animals for pollination, a critical ecosystem service in natural and agricultural systems. However, quantifying useful estimates of pollinator visitation rates can be nearly impossible when pollinator visitation is infrequent. We examined the utility of an indirect measure of pollinator visitation, namely pollen receipt by flowers, using the hummingbirdpollinated plant, Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae). Our a priori hypothesis was that increased pollinator visitation should result in increased pollen receipt by stigmas. However, the relationship between pollinator visitation rate and pollen receipt may be misleading if pollen receipt is a function of both the number of pollinator visits and variation in pollinator efficiency at depositing pollen, especially in the context of variable floral morphology. Therefore, we measured floral and plant characters known to be important to pollinator visitation and/or pollen receipt in I. aggregata (corolla length and width and plant height) and used path analysis to dissect and compare the effect of pollinator visitation rate vs. pollinator efficiency on pollen receipt. Of the characters we measured, pollinator visitation rate (number of times plants were visited multiplied by the mean percentage of flowers probed per visit) had the strongest direct positive effect on pollen receipt, explaining 36% of the variation in pollen receipt. Plant height had a direct positive effect on pollinator visitation rate and an indirect positive effect on pollen receipt. Despite the supposition that floral characters would directly affect pollen receipt as a result of changes in pollinator efficiency, corolla length and width only weakly affected pollen receipt. These results suggest a direct positive link between pollinator visitation rate and pollen receipt across naturally varying floral morphology in I. aggregata. Understanding the relationship between pollinator visitation rate and pollen receipt may be of critical importance in systems where pollinator visitation is difficult to quantify.

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Transport of Iaa and Acc in Floral Organs of Ipomoea Nil (Convolvulaceae)

Kiss

Koning

Daie

1991

American J of Botany

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The involvement of the stamens as transporters of plant growth regulators in flowers was examined by measuring the movement of 14C‐indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and l4C‐l‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) through floral organs of Ipomoea nil. During the transport of 14C‐IAA through isolated filament segments, the polar accumulation of 14C‐IAA in receiver blocks increased with time during filament development, which correlated with polar efflux rates at older stages of filament development. An inhibitor of polar IAA transport, 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid, disrupted the polarity of auxin transport by reducing the movement of 14C‐ IAA from filaments into receiver blocks. Transport of both 14C‐IAA and l4C‐ACC through filaments into other floral organs also was monitored in isolated flower buds in the laboratory and intact buds in the greenhouse. In isolated and intact buds 21 hr before anthesis, substantially higher levels of isotope were recovered in corolla tissue when 14C‐ACC was transported through the filaments than when 14C‐IAA was transported from the filaments. In isolated buds, substantial levels of both isotopes accumulated in the pistil (69 hr and 45 hr before anthesis), but minimal amounts were observed in receptacle and calyx tissues (69 hr to 21 hr before anthesis). In intact buds, high levels of both isotopes were recovered in receptacle, calyx, and pistil tissues (69 hr to 21 hr before anthesis). The results from this study support the hypothesis that Ipomoea stamens are transporters for ACC and IAA to regulate ethylene production in the corolla and other floral tissues.

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Emasculation Effects on Filament Growth in Ipomoea Nil (Convolvulaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Role of plant growth substances in MS33‐controlled stamen filament growth in Arabidopsis

Role of plant growth substances in MS33‐controlled stamen filament growth in Arabidopsis

Linking pollinator visitation rate and pollen receipt

Transport of Iaa and Acc in Floral Organs of Ipomoea Nil (Convolvulaceae)

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