​Elucidation of Genetic Divergence among Cattle Breeds of Tamil Nadu in Mitochondrial Genome

Vani, S.; Balasubramanyam, D.; Karthickeyan, S.M.K.; Parthiban, M.; Sesh, P.S.L.

doi:10.18805/ijar.b-4974

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…All of the SNPs in SO cattle (Table 2) have Ho values below 0.5, indicating limited diversity, as reported by Vissers et al (2003). Adaptation efforts by SO cattle to the severe climatic circumstances on Sumba Island are thought to have resulted in the mutation seen in SO cattle as it is stated by (Gaina et al, 2022;Vani et al, 2022). Heterozygosis values are a method of gauging a population's genetic diversity that can inform a selection program's choices (Marson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Heterozygosis Of Bmp 15 Gene and Hardy-weinberg Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 98%

The Potency of the BMP 15 Gene as a Marker of Reproductive Traits in Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) Cattle

Gaina¹,

Sanam²,

Nalley³

et al. 2023

ASD

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Background: As one of the important genetic resources for Ongole beef cattle, the study aimed to identify any potential polymorphisms in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 gene in a group of Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. Methods: Blood samples from 161 SO cattle were obtained and examined. The initial stage was the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The next procedures were electrophoresis and extraction, followed by annealing temperature optimization, amplification and sequencing. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) was used to examine the sequencing findings. The annealing temperature was 58°C for 15 seconds, with an amplification gain of 350 base pairs (bp). Result: The result showed that there were six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the BMP 15 gene in this region. Six mutations were SNP c.57 G greater than A, SNP c.120 C greater than T, SNP c.338 G greater than T, SNP c.360 C greater than A, SNP c.361 G greater than T, SNP c.365 A greater than T. The polymorphic informative content (PIC) value (0.25 less than =PIC less than =0.5) was reached from low (0.02) to moderate high (0.45 and 0.47). A total of 2 SNPs in the BMP 15 gene with moderate-high PIC value was c.360 C greater than A and c.365 A greater than T. In conclusion, we reported for the first time the polymorphism of the BMP 15 gene which is required for further investigation as to whether this polymorphic could be responsible for reproductive trait variations in Ongole cattle.

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Section: Heterozygosis Of Bmp 15 Gene and Hardy-weinberg Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 98%

The Potency of the BMP 15 Gene as a Marker of Reproductive Traits in Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) Cattle

Gaina¹,

Sanam²,

Nalley³

et al. 2023

ASD

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Mitogenomic architecture and evolution of the soil ciliates Colpoda

Zhang,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

mSystems

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Colpoda are cosmopolitan unicellular eukaryotes primarily inhabiting soil and benefiting plant growth, but they remain one of the least understood taxa in genetics and genomics within the realm of ciliated protozoa. Here, we investigate the architecture of de novo assembled mitogenomes of six Colpoda species, using long-read sequencing and involving 36 newly isolated natural strains in total. The mitogenome sizes span from 43 to 63 kbp and typically contain 28 – 33 protein-coding genes. They possess a linear structure with variable telomeres and central repeats, with one Colpoda elliotti strain isolated from Tibet harboring the longest telomeres among all studied ciliates. Phylogenomic analyses reveal that Colpoda species started to diverge more than 326 million years ago, eventually evolving into two distinct groups. Collinearity analyses also reveal significant genomic divergences and a lack of long collinear blocks. One of the most notable features is the exceptionally high level of gene rearrangements between mitochondrial genomes of different Colpoda species, dominated by gene loss events. Population-level mitogenomic analysis on natural strains also demonstrates high sequence divergence, regardless of geographic distance, but the gene order remains highly conserved within species, offering a new species identification criterion for Colpoda species. Furthermore, we identified underlying heteroplasmic sites in the majority of strains of three Colpoda species, albeit without a discernible recombination signal to account for this heteroplasmy. This comprehensive study systematically unveils the mitogenomic structure and evolution of these ancient and ecologically significant Colpoda ciliates, thus laying the groundwork for a deeper understanding of the evolution of unicellular eukaryotes. IMPORTANCE Colpoda , one of the most widespread ciliated protozoa in soil, are poorly understood in regard to their genetics and evolution. Our research revealed extreme mitochondrial gene rearrangements dominated by gene loss events, potentially leading to the streamlining of Colpoda mitogenomes. Surprisingly, while interspecific rearrangements abound, our population-level mitogenomic study revealed a conserved gene order within species, offering a potential new identification criterion. Phylogenomic analysis traced their lineage over 326 million years, revealing two distinct groups. Substantial genomic divergence might be associated with the lack of extended collinear blocks and relaxed purifying selection. This study systematically reveals Colpoda ciliate mitogenome structures and evolution, providing insights into the survival and evolution of these vital soil microorganisms.

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Elucidation of Genetic Divergence among Cattle Breeds of Tamil Nadu in Mitochondrial Genome

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

The Potency of the BMP 15 Gene as a Marker of Reproductive Traits in Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) Cattle

The Potency of the BMP 15 Gene as a Marker of Reproductive Traits in Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) Cattle

Mitogenomic architecture and evolution of the soil ciliates Colpoda

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​Elucidation of Genetic Divergence among Cattle Breeds of Tamil Nadu in Mitochondrial Genome

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

The Potency of the BMP 15 Gene as a Marker of Reproductive Traits in Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) Cattle

The Potency of the BMP 15 Gene as a Marker of Reproductive Traits in Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) Cattle

Mitogenomic architecture and evolution of the soil ciliates Colpoda

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Product

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Elucidation of Genetic Divergence among Cattle Breeds of Tamil Nadu in Mitochondrial Genome