Elucidating the underlying components of food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex

Suzuki, Shinsuke; Cross, Logan; O’Doherty, John P.

doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0008-x

Cited by 174 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that striatum activity tracks subjective pleasantness induced by various stimuli such as faces and foods (e.g., [33,38]). However, it should also be noted that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is also known to be robustly related to subjective pleasantness (e.g., [38][39][40][41]), but we did not find any activation negatively related to social conflict in the vmPFC.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Testing the reinforcement learning hypothesis of social conformity

Levorsen

Ito

Suzuki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Our preferences are influenced by the opinions of others. The past human neuroimaging studies on social conformity have identified a network of brain regions related to social conformity that includes the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), anterior insula, and striatum. It was hypothesized that since these brain regions are also known to play important roles in reinforcement learning (i.e., processing prediction error), social conformity and reinforcement learning have a common neural mechanism. However, these two processes have previously never been directly compared; therefore, the extent to which they shared a common neural mechanism had remained unclear. This study aimed to formally test the hypothesis. The same group of participants (n = 25) performed social conformity and reinforcement learning tasks inside a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Univariate fMRI data analyses revealed activation overlaps in the pMFC and bilateral insula between social conflict and unsigned prediction error and in the striatum between social conflict and signed prediction error. We further conducted multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) for more direct evidence of a shared neural mechanism. MVPA did not reveal any evidence to support the hypothesis in any of these regions but found that activation patterns between social conflict and prediction error in these regions were largely distinct. Taken together, the present study provides no clear evidence of a common neural mechanism between social conformity and reinforcement learning.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Testing the reinforcement learning hypothesis of social conformity

Levorsen

Ito

Suzuki

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The reward system integrates across dimensions to generate abstract decision variables; that is, ones that are correlated with value (e.g. Barron et al, 2017; Blanchard et al, 2015; Fellows, 2006; Hayden, 2016; Hunt and Hayden, 2017; Raghuraman and Padoa-Schioppa, 2014; Strait et al, 2014; Suzuki et al, 2017). However, unlike the visual system, which has only one major input locus—the eyes—the reward system has many inputs.…”

Section: Untangling Information In Form Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Choice as an Untangling of Options into Actions

Yoo

Hayden

2018

Neuron

115

123

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SUMMARY We propose that economic choice can be understood as a gradual transformation from domain of options to one of the actions. We draw an analogy with the idea of untangling information in the form vision system and propose that form vision and economic choice may be two aspects of a larger process that sculpts actions based on sensory inputs. From this viewpoint, choice results from the accumulated effect of repetitions of simple computations. These may consist primarily of relative valuations (evaluations relative to the value of rejection, perhaps in a manner akin to divisive normalization) applied to individual offers. With regard to economic choice, cortical brain regions differ primarily in their position and in what information they prioritize, and do not—with a few exceptions—have categorically distinct roles. Each region’s specific contribution is determined largely by its inputs; thus, understanding connectivity is crucial for understanding choice. This view suggests that there is no single site of choice, that there is no meaningful distinction between pre- and post-decisionality, and that there is no explicit representation of value in the brain.

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“…() demonstrated that, specifically the lateral OFC represents nutritive valuation of a food (protein, fat, sodium, carbohydrate and overall energy value) and that this information is then integrated with information from the medial OFC to determine an overall subjective value of a food (willingness to pay) (Suzuki et al . ). Whether this relationship is affected in obesity warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Connectivity Of the Lateral Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, increase in BOLD activity in the OFC in obese humans in response to food odours has been demonstrated to be associated with selfreported poor impulse control (Eiler et al 2014), suggesting this region may be implicated in the decision to consume palatable food despite known negative consequences. Recently, a study in healthy weight individuals by Suzuki et al (2017) demonstrated that, specifically the lateral OFC represents nutritive valuation of a food (protein, fat, sodium, carbohydrate and overall energy value) and that this information is then integrated with information from the medial OFC to determine an overall subjective value of a food (willingness to pay) (Suzuki et al 2017). Whether this relationship is affected in obesity warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Orbital Frontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of corticostriatal–hypothalamic neural circuits in feeding behaviour: implications for obesity

Clarke

Verdejo-García

Andrews

2018

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Emerging evidence from human imaging studies suggests that obese individuals have altered connectivity between the hypothalamus, the key brain region controlling energy homeostasis, and cortical regions involved in decision-making and reward processing. Historically, animal studies have demonstrated that the lateral hypothalamus is the key hypothalamic region involved in feeding and reward. The lateral hypothalamus is a heterogeneous structure comprised of several distinct types of neurons which are scattered throughout. In addition, the lateral hypothalamus receives inputs from a number of cortical brain regions suggesting that it is uniquely positioned to be a key integrator of cortical information and metabolic feedback. In this review, we summarize how human brain imaging can inform detailed animal studies to investigate neural pathways connecting cortical regions and the hypothalamus. Here, we discuss key cortical brain regions that are reciprocally connected to the lateral hypothalamus and are implicated in decision-making processes surrounding food.

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Elucidating the underlying components of food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex

Cited by 174 publications

References 48 publications

Testing the reinforcement learning hypothesis of social conformity

Testing the reinforcement learning hypothesis of social conformity

Economic Choice as an Untangling of Options into Actions

The role of corticostriatal–hypothalamic neural circuits in feeding behaviour: implications for obesity

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