ELM divertor peak energy fluence scaling to ITER with data from JET, MAST and ASDEX upgrade

Eich, T.; Sieglin, B.; Thornton, A.; Faitsch, M.; Kirk, A.; Herrmann, A.; Suttrop, W.

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.04.014

Cited by 146 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The peak heat fluences in JET ELM simulations were compared for a large number of equilibria to the experimentally observed scaling. Simulations without background flows show excellent agreement regarding energy losses and peak heat fluences; however, they do not reproduce the distribution of heat between the inner and outer divertor legs of the experiments. Simulations including background flows reproduce well the distribution between inner and outer divertor legs but underestimate ELM energy losses and peak heat fluences.…”

Section: Type‐i Elmsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Insights into type‐I edge localized modes and edge localized mode control from JOREK non‐linear magneto‐hydrodynamic simulations

Hoelzl

Huijsmans

Orain

et al. 2018

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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Edge localized modes (ELMs) are repetitive instabilities driven by the large pressure gradients and current densities in the edge of H‐mode plasmas. Type‐I ELMs lead to a fast collapse of the H‐mode pedestal within several hundred microseconds to a few milliseconds. Localized transient heat fluxes to divertor targets are expected to exceed tolerable limits for ITER, requiring advanced insights into ELM physics and applicable mitigation methods. This paper describes how non‐linear magneto‐hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations can contribute to this effort. The JOREK code is introduced, which allows the study of large‐scale plasma instabilities in tokamak X‐point plasmas covering the main plasma, the scrape‐off layer, and the divertor region with its finite element grid. We review key physics relevant for type‐I ELMs and show to what extent JOREK simulations agree with experiments and help reveal the underlying mechanisms. Simulations and experimental findings are compared in many respects for type‐I ELMs in ASDEX Upgrade. The role of plasma flows and non‐linear mode coupling for the spatial and temporal structure of ELMs is emphasized, and the loss mechanisms are discussed. An overview of recent ELM‐related research using JOREK is given, including ELM crashes, ELM‐free regimes, ELM pacing by pellets and magnetic kicks, and mitigation or suppression by resonant magnetic perturbation coils (RMPs). Simulations of ELMs and ELM control methods agree in many respects with experimental observations from various tokamak experiments. On this basis, predictive simulations become more and more feasible. A brief outlook is given, showing the main priorities for further research in the field of ELM physics and further developments necessary.

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Section: Type‐i Elmsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Insights into type‐I edge localized modes and edge localized mode control from JOREK non‐linear magneto‐hydrodynamic simulations

Hoelzl

Huijsmans

Orain

et al. 2018

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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“…According to the scaling of Ref. [94] and assuming W plasma ∝ W ped , the divertor heat load can expected to be reduced by only a factor 2 × √ 3 ∼ 3.5 which is smaller than the reduction of ∆W ELM by about a factor of 6. The scaling of Ref.…”

Section: Prospects For Reducing the Divertor Load Due To Elmsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A recent multi-machine scaling study [94] finds that the ELM divertor heat load ε, the areal density of energy deposited by each individual ELM, is essentially proportional to the product of pedestal pressure and the square root of the ELM energy loss, ε ∝ p ped × (∆W ELM /W plasma ) 1/2 . A small subset of the data contains cases with type-I ELM mitigation by MP in ASDEX Upgrade and this subset has been found in agreement with the scaling [94]. As one can see from Fig.…”

Section: Prospects For Reducing the Divertor Load Due To Elmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies of high-confinement mode plasma response to non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations in ASDEX Upgrade

Suttrop

Kirk

Nazikian

et al. 2016

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

100

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“…Depending on their amplitudes and frequencies, ELMs are classified into types I (large amplitudes -hence often termed as 'giant' ELMs) and II and III (smaller, hence often known as 'grassy' ELMs). Current predictions estimate [21,40,41] the heat flux due to ELMs on the divertor plates at ITER (the world's biggest experimental tokamak) will be up to 20 times larger than what can be tolerated for a reasonable lifetime of the target materials. This makes research into ELM control and mitigation of primary importance for making fusion a viable source of energy.…”

Section: Elmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the parareal algorithm to simulations of ELMs in ITER plasma

Samaddar

Coster

Bonnin

et al. 2019

Computer Physics Communications

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This paper explores the application of the parareal algorithm to simulations of ELMs in ITER plasma. The primary focus of this research is identifying the parameters that lead to optimum performance. Since the plasma dynamics vary extremely fast during an ELM cycle, a straightforward application of the algorithm is not possible and a modification to the standard parareal correction is implemented. The size of the time chunks also have an impact on the performance and needs to be optimized. A computational gain of 7.8 is obtained with 48 processors to illustrate that the parareal algorithm can be successfully applied to ELM plasma.

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ELM divertor peak energy fluence scaling to ITER with data from JET, MAST and ASDEX upgrade

Cited by 146 publications

References 20 publications

Insights into type‐I edge localized modes and edge localized mode control from JOREK non‐linear magneto‐hydrodynamic simulations

Insights into type‐I edge localized modes and edge localized mode control from JOREK non‐linear magneto‐hydrodynamic simulations

Experimental studies of high-confinement mode plasma response to non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations in ASDEX Upgrade

Application of the parareal algorithm to simulations of ELMs in ITER plasma

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