Elimination of Arsenophonus and decrease in the bacterial symbionts diversity by antibiotic treatment leads to increase in fitness of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Raina, Harpreet Singh; Rawal, Vagisha; Singh, Shama; Daimei, Guisuibou; Shakarad, Mallikarjun; Rajagopal, Raman

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.022

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The endosymbiont is an interface between arthropods and the environment, and provides many ecosystem functions. The functions of the symbionts in whiteflies have attracted increasing research efforts in recent years, including improving host fitness (Su et al, 2013a;Raina et al, 2015), protection against biotic and abiotic stress (King, 2019), as well as enhancing host capacity to transmit viruses (Gottlieb et al, 2010;Rana et al, 2012). To investigate the roles of individual symbionts in a complex system consisting of whiteflies and various symbionts, we should manipulate the symbiont community by antibiotic treatments and establish whitefly lines with or without certain symbionts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques are generally effective in whiteflies associated with a single symbiont species. By comparing the performance of symbiont-infected whiteflies with symbiontfree ones, it has been revealed that these endosymbionts affect the whitefly fitness (Su et al, 2013a;Raina et al, 2015), have significant contributions in plant virus transmission (Gottlieb et al, 2010;Rana et al, 2012) and provide some protection against parasitization (Xue et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective and stable elimination of endosymbionts from multiple‐infected whitefly Bemisia tabaci by feeding on a cotton plant cultured in antibiotic solutions

et al. 2019

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The maternally heritable endosymbiont provides many ecosystem functions. Antibiotic elimination of a specific symbiont and establishment of experimental host lines lacking certain symbionts enable the roles of a given symbiont to be explored. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in China harbors obligate symbiont Portiera infecting each individual, as well as facultative symbionts, such as Hamiltonella, Rickettsia and Cardinium, with co‐infections occurring relatively frequently. So far no studies have evaluated the selectivity and efficacy of a specific symbiont elimination using antibiotics in whiteflies co‐infected with different symbionts. Furthermore, no success has been achieved in establishing certain symbiont‐free B. tabaci lines. In this study, we treated Hamiltonella‐infected B. tabaci line, Hamiltonella‐Rickettsia‐co‐infected line and Hamiltonella‐Cardinium co‐infected line by feeding B. tabaci adults with cotton plants cultured in water containing rifampicin, ampicillin or a mixture of them, aiming to selectively curing symbiont infections and establishing stable symbiont‐free lines. We found ampicillin selectively eliminated Cardinium without affecting Portiera, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia, although they coexisted in the same host body. Meanwhile, all of the symbionts considered in our study can be removed by rifampicin. The reduction of facultative symbionts occurred at a much quicker pace than obligate symbiont Portiera during rifampicin treatment. Also, we measured the stability of symbiont elimination in whitefly successive generations and established Rickettsia‐infected and Cardinium‐infected lines which are absent in natural populations. Our results provide new protocols for selective elimination of symbionts co‐existing in a host and establishment of different symbiont‐infected host lines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and stable elimination of endosymbionts from multiple‐infected whitefly Bemisia tabaci by feeding on a cotton plant cultured in antibiotic solutions

et al. 2019

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“…Thus far, two major secondary endosymbionts have been identified in B. tabaci, Arsenophonus nasoniae, or Hamiltonella defensa (hereafter, Arsenophonus and Hamiltonella, respectively). They are not considered to be as vital for survival of B. tabaci, as is the primary endosymbiont Portiera, but instead, serve as source of B vitamins (Santos-Garcia et al, 2018), contribute to aspects of fitness, to combat abiotic and biotic environmental stress and at times to gain reproductive advantages, and many of them are known to be horizontally transmitted (Ghanim & Kontsedalov, 2009;Gonella et al, 2015;Kontsedalov et al, 2008;Raina et al, 2015;Santos-Garcia et al, 2018;Zchori-Fein et al, 2001). The minor secondary endosymbionts of B. tabaci, including Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability, community structure, and horizontal transfer of endosymbionts among three Asia II‐Bemisia tabaci mitotypes in Pakistan

Paredes‐Montero

Zia-ur-Rehman

Hameed

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Endosymbionts associated with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species are known to contribute to host fitness and environmental adaptation. The genetic diversity and population complexity were investigated for endosymbiont communities of B. tabaci occupying different micro‐environments in Pakistan. Mitotypes of B. tabaci were identified by comparative sequence analysis of the mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene sequence. Whitefly mitotypes belonged to the Asia II‐1, ‐5, and ‐7 mitotypes of the Asia II major clade. The whitefly–endosymbiont communities were characterized based on 16S ribosomal RNA operational taxonomic unit (OTU) assignments, resulting in 43 OTUs. Most of the OTUs occurred in the Asia II‐1 and II‐7 mitotypes (r2 = .9, p < .005), while the Asia II‐5 microbiome was less complex. The microbiome OTU groups were mitotype‐specific, clustering with a basis in phylogeographical distribution and the corresponding ecological niche of their whitefly host, suggesting mitotype‐microbiome co‐adaptation. The primary endosymbiont Portiera was represented by a single, highly homologous OTU (0%–0.67% divergence). Two of six Arsenophonus OTUs were uniquely associated with Asia II‐5 and ‐7, and one occurred exclusively in Asia II‐1, two only in Asia II‐5, and one in both Asia II‐1 and ‐7. Four other secondary endosymbionts, Cardinium, Hemipteriphilus, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia OTUs, were found at ≤29% frequencies. The most prevalent Arsenophonus OTU was found in all three Asia II mitotypes (55% frequency), whereas the same strain of Cardinium and Wolbachia was found in both Asia II‐1 and ‐5, and a single Hemipteriphilus OTU occurred in Asia II‐1 and ‐7. This pattern is indicative of horizontal transfer, suggestive of a proximity between mitotypes sufficient for gene flow at overlapping mitotype ecological niches.

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“…Laboratory manipulations have also been conducted to study the effects of Arsenophonous, Wolbachia and Hamiltonella. Arsenophonous was cured via tetracycline in the B. tabaci Asia II-1 species, and no changes in sex ratio were observed, but the cured whiteflies had increases in fecundity, longevity, and egg to adult survival (Raina et al 2015), suggesting that Arsenophonous is costly to B. tabaci, at least in the laboratory environment (Raina et al 2015).…”

Section: • Effect Of Symbionts On Host Sex Ratio -Bacterial Endosymbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex ratios in the haplodiploid herbivores, Aleyrodidae and Thysanoptera: A review and tools for study

Bondy

Hunter

2019

Advances in Insect Physiology

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Elimination of Arsenophonus and decrease in the bacterial symbionts diversity by antibiotic treatment leads to increase in fitness of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

Selective and stable elimination of endosymbionts from multiple‐infected whitefly Bemisia tabaci by feeding on a cotton plant cultured in antibiotic solutions

Selective and stable elimination of endosymbionts from multiple‐infected whitefly Bemisia tabaci by feeding on a cotton plant cultured in antibiotic solutions

Genetic variability, community structure, and horizontal transfer of endosymbionts among three Asia II‐Bemisia tabaci mitotypes in Pakistan

Sex ratios in the haplodiploid herbivores, Aleyrodidae and Thysanoptera: A review and tools for study

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