Elicitation of Resveratrol in Peanut Kernels by Application of Abiotic Stresses

Abstract

Application of no postharvest stress or by size reduction, grinding, chopping, or slicing and exposure to UV light or ultrasound were investigated for the elicitation of trans-resveratrol, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity (AOA) in peanut kernels. AOA and total phenolic compounds did not increase in stressed peanuts over incubation times 0-48 h at 25 degrees C; however, an increase in trans-resveratrol concentration over time occurred. Slicing (2 mm), ultrasound exposure for 4 min at 25 degrees C, and incubation for 36 h produced the highest level of trans-resveratrol synthesis in peanuts, increasing concentrations from 0.48 +/- 0.08 microg/g in untreated peanuts to 3.96 +/- 0.96 microg/g. AOA in stressed peanuts was negatively correlated with trans-resveratrol concentration, indicating that as AOA decreased trans-resveratrol concentration increased.

Regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plants

“…Chiron et al (2000b) and Chung et al (2001) revealed that wounding caused by a mock fungal inoculation or leaf punching resulted in the induction of the stilbene biosynthesis genes in Scots pine (STS, PMT) and peanut (STS), respectively. Rudolf and Resurreccion (2005) found that slicing of peanut kernels increased production of t-resveratrol. Harju et al (2009) report that wounding caused by drilling holes through the stem of Scots pine induced the production of pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethyl ether.…”

Induction of Resveratrol Biosynthesis in Grape Skins and Leaves by Ultrasonication Treatment

“…There were also increase and decrease in the amounts of resveratrol in response to ultrasonication treatment and incubation time reported in peanut kernels. Specifically, a significant increase in resveratrol concentrations was shown in ultrasonication-treated peanut kernels after 24 h of incubation in the dark, but a decrease occurred after incubation for 24-36 h (Rudolf and Resurreccion, 2005).…”

“…Indeed, ultrasonicationed to a 60-70% increase in shikonin yield in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell culture ), 75% increase in ginsenoside saponins in ginseng cells , and a three-fold increase in taxol in Taxus baccata cell culture (Rezaei et al, 2011). The elicitation of resveratrol by ultrasonication has been extensively studied in whole or sliced peanut kernels, and increases of 8 to 143 times were reported (Potrebko and Resurreccion, 2009;Rudolf and Resurreccion, 2005;Sales and Resurreccion, 2009).…”

Phytoestrogens in foods on the Nordic market

“…Thus, some genotypes produced one major phytoalexin component, whereas other genotypes produced several major components. Rudolf and Resurreccion (2005) noted an eightfold increase in trans-resveratrol concentration over time after exposure of peanut kernels to abiotic stress (size reduction by grinding, chopping, or slicing and exposure to UV light or ultrasound). Ultrasound was also shown to increase phytoalexin levels: trans-resveratrol from 0.03 mg/kg (control material) to 2.10-4.73 mg/kg and trans-piceid from 0.07 to 0.23-0.38 mg/kg (Potrebko and Resurreccion, 2009).…”