Elevated plasma β-endorphin levels in pregnant women and their neonates

Csontos, K.; M, Rust; Höllt, Volker; Mahr, W.; Kromer, W.; Teschemacher, H.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(79)90541-1

Cited by 168 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this study, we found an increased release of ß-endorphin in parturient cows which is in agreement with previous results from different species (Csontos et al, 1979;Goland et al, 1981;Petraglia et al, 1985;Aurich et al, 1990 (Guillemin et al, 1977), in pregnant sheep submitted to hypoglycaemia, the placenta has been identified as an additional source of ß-endorphin (Falconer et al, 1988). ß-Endorphin can also be synthesized by human placental tissue (Liotta et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…During pregnancy and parturition an increased release of ß-endorphin into peripheral plasma has been shown in humans (Csontos et al, 1979;Goland et al, 1981) rats (Petraglia et al, 1985) and cattle (Aurich et al, 1990). Labour stimulates ß-endorphin release in women and it has been suggested that endogenous opioids are involved in the stress response during delivery (Hoffman et al, 1984;Kofinas et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stimulation of release of -endorphin and oxytocin by prostaglandin F2 in cattle at parturition

Dobrinski²,

Ho³

et al. 1993

Reproduction

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of release of -endorphin and oxytocin by prostaglandin F2 in cattle at parturition

Dobrinski²,

Ho³

et al. 1993

Reproduction

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“…We used cord venous blood for the P-E assay, because we were not able to obtain a sufficient amount of cord arterial blood. In one earlier study P-E level was found to be higher in cord arterial than in cord venous blood (5), whereas in several other studies no significant differences were found (6,7,13,14). These findings suggest that the placenta does not seem to supply any significant amount of P-E into the fetal circulation, although P-E has been found in the placenta (15,16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Plasma β-Endorphin in Perinatal Asphyxia and Respiratory Difficulties in Newborn Infants

et al. 1986

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ABSTRACT. The effects of intrauterine stress and birth asphyxia on the plasma concentration of P-endorphin (P-E) in cord blood and in venous blood at the age of 2 h was investigated in newborn infants. Term infants with acute birth asphyxia (n = 11), infants born to mothers with preeclampsia (n = 15), and prematures with respiratory difficulties (n = 4) were entered into the study. Twenty control infants were studied; 12 were born after spontaneous delivery and eight after elective cesarean section. After normal spontaneous delivery, the plasma 8-E level decreased significantly, the median values being 17 pmol/ liter at birth and 9.3 pmol/liter at the age of 2 h, whereas after elective cesarean section it remained unchanged (13 and 13 pmol/liter, respectively). In acute asphyxia the plasma P-E level varied widely at birth, from 9.7 to 108 pmol/liter. At the age of 2 h, the P-E level was high (26 to 83 pmol/liter) in those asphyctic infants who required prolonged mechanical ventilation, but it fell to the range of 1.6-13 pmol/liter when the infant recovered rapidly. The P-E level was not increased in the preeclampsia group, not even in small for gestational age infants. In preterm newborn infants with respiratory difficulties, a significant postnatal rise of plasma P-E level was found, the P-E value varying from 7.3 to 16 pmol/liter at birth and from 61 to 168 pmol/liter at the age of 2 h. These results indicate that increased P-E secretion is associated with respiratory difficulties in the newborn infant. (Pediatr Res 20: 577-580, 1986) AbbreviationThe pituitary gland secretes /3-E concomitantly with /3-lipotropin and corticotropin (I), and the secretion increases, e.g. in physical exercise (2) and during labor (3,4). Acute birth asphyxia has been found to increase plasma 0-E concentration in umbilical cord blood (5, 6). After birth, plasma level of 0-E is higher in newborn infants than in adults (7,8) but the role of this increased (3-E secretion in the early neonatal period is unclear. The effects of (3-E in newborn infants has been studied by administration of naloxone, a potent opioid receptor blocking agent. In rabbits naloxone has been found to reverse postnatal depression caused

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“…Plasma volume and aldosterone concentrations increase during gestation (reviewed in references 25, 38-40), but such changes should affect AVP secretion, Posm and PNa in a direction opposite to that seen here (24,41). Recent reports that drugs that stimulate opiate receptors alter the threshold for AVP secretion are of interest (42), because endorphin levels increase markedly in gestation (43), but again the changes are opposite to those observed in these experiments. Finally, plasma renin, its concentration and activity, and angiotensin levels all increase during pregnancy (39), and the role ofthis system in osmoregulation requires further study.…”

Section: Brattleboro Rats With Hereditary Diabetes Insipidusmentioning

confidence: 85%

Osmoregulation during Pregnancy in the Rat

Dürr¹,

Stamoutsos²,

Lindheimer³

1981

J. Clin. Invest.

125

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AB S T R A C T Osmoregulation was studied in near term and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats. Basal plasma osmolality (Posm) and plasma sodium (PNa) were 281+3 mosmol/kg and 134+3 meq/liter, respectively, on the 20th gestational day compared with 292+±3 mosmol/kg and 140+1 meq/liter in virgin animals (P < 0.001), whereas Purea and plasma water content were similar in pregnant and control rats. These differences could not be reproduced in animals receiving progesterone, estrone, or a combination of progesterone and estradiol for 2 wk.Pregnant and control rats were deprived of water for changes (A%) were significantly greater in the gravid animals (P < 0.01). Therefore, Posm was increased without concomitant volume depletion by intraperitoneal hypertonic saline. Again PAVP VS. Posm correlated significantly (r > 0.9; P < 0.001) in each group, and the apparent threshold was 14 mosmol lower in pregnant animals. Diluting ability, tested by oral water loading, was not impaired in the pregnant animals which excreted a 30 ml/kg load as well as controls. Also, chronically hydrated virgin animals whose fluid intake was more than twice that of pregnant rats (for 19 d) did not lower their Posm.In separate studies homozygous Brattleboro rats, which produce no endogenous vasopressin, were also shown to have a decreased Posm (pregnant 292 +4 mosmol/kg; virgin 310+6 mosmol/kg P < 0.001), but unchanged Uosm during pregnancy.Data demonstrate a resetting ofthe osmostat in gravid Sprague-Dawley rats as Posm and the threshold for AVP secretion both decrease significantly during gestation in this species. Studies in homozygous Brattleboro animals with hereditary diabetes insipidus suggest that the osmotic threshold for thirst is reset as well. INTRODUCTION Plasma osmolality decreases during normal human pregnancy to values that range 5-10 mosmol/kg below that of nonpregnant women (1-3). This decrement is apparent by the 6th gestational wk and is sustained until term. If such a reduction in osmolality occurred in a nongravid subject she would cease secreting antidiuretic hormone (ADH)l and enter a state of con-

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Elevated plasma β-endorphin levels in pregnant women and their neonates

Cited by 168 publications

References 18 publications

Stimulation of release of -endorphin and oxytocin by prostaglandin F2 in cattle at parturition

Stimulation of release of -endorphin and oxytocin by prostaglandin F2 in cattle at parturition

Plasma β-Endorphin in Perinatal Asphyxia and Respiratory Difficulties in Newborn Infants

Osmoregulation during Pregnancy in the Rat

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