Elevated alanine aminotransferase activity is not associated with dyslipidemias, but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ghamar-Chehreh, Mohammad Ebrahim; Amini, Mohsen; Khedmat, Hossein; Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Daraei, Fatemeh; Mohtashami, Reza; Hadi, Reza; Beyram, Bent-Al-Hoda; Taheri, Saeed

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60213-5

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…89 Serum ALT activity is more specific for hepatic injury than an increase in serum AST activity and may reflect fatty changes in the liver as in the case of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). [90][91][92][93] Specifically, the raised level of serum ALT activity of Group 3 ( Figure 1) was obvious indication of fibrotic changes of hepatic tissues of the experimental rats as corroborated in previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Functional Assessments and Histopathology of Hepatorenal Tissues of Wistar Rats Infused with Carbon Tetrachloride and Treated with Raw and Hydrothermal Processed Herbs

Ojiako¹,

Chikezie²,

Ukairo³

et al. 2017

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Background and Aim: Herbal remedies offer another strategy for alleviation of co-existing liver and kidney pathologic conditions. Objective: The present study ascertained the functional integrity of hepatic and renal tissues, concurrently with blood lipid patterns, of Wistar rats infused with CCl 4 and treated with raw and hydrothermal processed herbs, namely, Monodora myristica, Chromolaena odorata, Buccholzia coriacea and Sphenostylis stenocarpa. Materials and Methods: Measurement of phytochemical contents of the herbs was according to standard methods. The rats were randomly designated on the basis of diets and treatments received for 28 consecutive days. Fibrosis was induced in the Wistar rats by single dose intra-peritoneal injection of CCl 4 for 2 consecutive days. Liver and kidney function tests and serum lipid profile were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Renal and hepatic tissues were subjected to histopathological examinations. Results: The concentrations of alkaloids in the four herbal extracts were within the range of 4.83 ± 0.03 -31.33 ± 0.29 mg/100 g sample, whereas the concentrations of saponins varied within a relatively narrow range: 0.33 ± 0.09 -4.33 ± 0.02 mg/100 g dry sample; p > 0.05. The activity ratios of AST to ALT of the rat groups were generally less than 1.0 unit. Atherogenic indices of fibrotic rats were within the following ranges: TAG/HDL-C ratio (3.59 ± 0.03 -6.76 ± 0.06), TC/HDL-C ratio (3.72 ± 0.02 -6.94 ± 0.05) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (2.00 ± 0.01 -4.59 ± 0.02). Conclusion: Losses in phytochemical contents following hydrothermal processing of the herbs did not substantially affect their overall therapeutic scores against morphological and functional impairments of hepatic and renal tissues following CCl 4 intoxication of the rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Functional Assessments and Histopathology of Hepatorenal Tissues of Wistar Rats Infused with Carbon Tetrachloride and Treated with Raw and Hydrothermal Processed Herbs

Ojiako¹,

Chikezie²,

Ukairo³

et al. 2017

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“…Precisely, earlier studies had associated raised serum ALT activity with non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance [45][46][47][48][49][50] . In the present study, whereby serum ALT was more active than AST (Figure 1), the ratio of the activities of two aminotransferases in serum, was an indication that the two non-functional plasma enzymes were of hepatic origin rather than the cardiac tissues [48,51] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological research on acute hepatic and renal tissue damage in Wistar rats induced by cocoa

Ibegbulem

Chikezie

Dike

2016

Journal of Acute Disease

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A B S T R A C TObjective: To ascertain the functional integrity of renal and hepatic tissues of Wistar rats fed with processed cocoa bean-based beverages and raw cocoa bean products-containing diets by using biochemical and histological methods. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were designated on the basis of experimental diets which were given for 28 days. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were drawn, and renal and hepatic tissues were excised from the experimental rat groups for functional tests and histological examinations, respectively. Results: Serum alanine aminotransferase activities of the experimental rat groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) and were within a relatively narrow range of (32.17 ± 4.98) IU/L to (41.00 ± 10.85) IU/L, whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase activities gave wide variation within the range of (15.67 ± 2.13) IU/L to (34.83 ± 8.31) IU/L with P < 0.05. Serum bilirubin concentrations of experimental rat groups were less than 1 mg/dL. Serum total protein and albumin concentrations varied within a relatively narrow range. Serum creatinine concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than serum urea concentration. Histology showed evidence of moderate disarrangement of hepatic tissue architecture and degenerated tubules as well as glomerular turfs. Conclusions: The pattern of alanine aminotransferase activity being more active than aspartate aminotransferase one in serum appeared to correlate with the extent of disarrangement of hepatic tissue architecture. The experimental rat groups exhibited no hyperbilirubinemia. Also, diets containing processed cocoa bean and raw cocoa bean products did not substantially interfere with the capacity of the hepatocytes to biosynthesize plasma proteins and the functionality of renal tissues.

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“…High levels of ALT are linked with the severity of hepatic insulin resistance,34 and this relationship appears to be independent of other factors 35,36. Interestingly, the association between ALT and insulin resistance seems stronger than with dyslipidemia,37 suggesting that ALT might be a good and very early indicator of liver damage,14 while AST appears to be more linked to central obesity 38. However, ALT is poorly linked to cardiovascular disease, in contrast with GGT 39.…”

Section: Markers Of Hepatic Insulin Resistance/steatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic function and the cardiometabolic syndrome

Wiernsperger

2013

DMSO

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Despite skeletal muscle being considered by many as the source of insulin resistance, physiology tells us that the liver is a central and cardinal regulator of glucose homeostasis. This is sometimes underestimated because, in contrast with muscle, investigations of liver function are technically very difficult. Nevertheless, recent experimental and clinical research has demonstrated clearly that, due in part to its anatomic position, the liver is exquisitely sensitive to insulin and other hormonal and neural factors, either by direct intrahepatic mechanisms or indirectly by organ cross-talk with muscle or adipose tissue. Because the liver receives absorbed nutrients, these have a direct impact on liver function, whether via a caloric excess or via the nature of food components (eg, fructose, many lipids, and trans fatty acids). An emerging observation with a possibly great future is the increase in intestinal permeability observed as a consequence of high fat intake or bacterial modifications in microbiota, whereby substances normally not crossing the gut gain access to the liver, where inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation leads to fatty liver, a situation observed very early in the development of diabetes. The visceral adipose tissue located nearby is another main source of inflammatory substances and oxidative stress, and also acts on hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, resulting in stimulation of macrophages. Liberation of these substances, in particular triglycerides and inflammation factors, into the circulation leads to ectopic fat deposition and vascular damage. Therefore, the liver is directly involved in the development of the prediabetic cardiometabolic syndrome. Treatments are mainly metformin, and possibly statins and vitamin D. A very promising avenue is treatment of the leaky gut, which appears increasingly to be an important causal factor in hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis.

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Elevated alanine aminotransferase activity is not associated with dyslipidemias, but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Functional Assessments and Histopathology of Hepatorenal Tissues of Wistar Rats Infused with Carbon Tetrachloride and Treated with Raw and Hydrothermal Processed Herbs

Functional Assessments and Histopathology of Hepatorenal Tissues of Wistar Rats Infused with Carbon Tetrachloride and Treated with Raw and Hydrothermal Processed Herbs

Pathological research on acute hepatic and renal tissue damage in Wistar rats induced by cocoa

Hepatic function and the cardiometabolic syndrome

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