Elemental and mineralogical analysis of marine and coastal sediments from Phra Thong Island, Thailand: Insights into the provenance of coastal hazard deposits

Pham, Duc-Thinh; Gouramanis, Chris; Switzer, Adam D.; Rubin, Charles M.; Jones, Brian G.; Jankaew, Kruawun; Carr, Paul F.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2017.01.004

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…This implies that storms can deposit sediment on Phra Thong Island, but from this solitary example, fan development may be restricted to a few 10 s of metres from the modern shoreline – unlike the kilometre-scale inundation and sedimentation caused by the 2004 IOT. The granulometric properties of the sediments collected from the washover fans are statistically indistinguishable from the modern-day beachface sediments and are geochemically similar to Sandsheets A and C, nearshore and beachface deposits suggesting a local and similar source of sediments supplying Sandsheets A and C and the storm deposit35.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…The 2004 IOT sediments have a bimodal sediment distribution that is dominated by quartz (85 to 95%), benthic foraminifera and shell fragments (8 to 15%), muscovite (4%), heavy minerals (1.7 to 3%) and a low organic content (1.5 to 2.5%)3032. The <0.125 mm component as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is dominated by quartz (52 to 57%), but feldspars (orthoclase and microcline), aragonite, zircon, muscovite, monazite, kaolinite, cassiterite and labradorite are present, attesting to the nearshore marine sediment source35.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High-frequency Coastal Overwash Deposits from Phra Thong Island, Thailand

Gouramanis

Switzer

Jankaew

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT) emanated from an Mw 9.2 earthquake that generated a 1600 km-long rupture along the Sumatran Megathrust and generated tsunami waves up to 30 m high. The IOT directly impacted the Bay of Bengal and east Africa, with over 283,000 people perishing. At the time, this catastrophic event was considered unprecedented and sparked intense investigations to test this claim. It is now believed that four pre-2004 IOT events have occurred in the last 2500 years, recurring every 550 to 700 years. Much of this information comes from Phra Thong Island, Thailand, where a sequence of four stacked sandsheets separated by organic units has been recognised and compared to the 2004 IOT event. Recently, ground-penetrating radar on Phra Thong Island identified a region that could not be explained by the known stratigraphy. The stratigraphy of the area was investigated from auger cores and pits, and several previously-unrecognised sandsheets were identified and compared to the known tsunami sandsheets. The proximity of the newly-recognised sandsheets to the palaeo-coastline of Phra Thong Island does not preclude the impacts of localised storms in sandsheet emplacement or that tsunamigenic earthquake recurrence may have been more frequent in the past.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

High-frequency Coastal Overwash Deposits from Phra Thong Island, Thailand

Gouramanis

Switzer

Jankaew

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The utility of proxy data in interpreting overwash (i.e. tsunami and storm inundation) deposits can be strengthened by constraining their spatial distribution in the modern environment (Pilarczyk et al, 2011;Pham et al, 2017;Kosciuch et al, 2018). Such baseline studies provide a basis that anomalous sand layers, contained within the geological record, can be interpreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining sediment provenance for tsunami deposits using distributions of grain size and foraminifera from the Kujukuri coastline and shelf, Japan

et al. 2019

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Tsunami deposits preserved in the geological record provide a more comprehensive understanding of their patterns of frequency and intensity over longer timescales; but recognizing tsunami deposits can prove challenging due to post‐depositional changes, lack of contrast between the deposits and surrounding sedimentary layers, and differentiating between tsunami and storm deposition. Modern baseline studies address these challenges by providing insight into modern spatial distributions that can be compared with palaeotsunami deposits. This study documents the spatial fingerprint of grain size and foraminifera from Hasunuma Beach and the Kujukuri shelf to provide a basis from which tsunami deposits can be interpreted. At Hasunuma Beach, approximately 50 km east of Tokyo, the spatial distribution of three common proxies (foraminiferal taxonomy, foraminiferal taphonomy and sediment grain size) for tsunami identification were mapped and clustered using Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis. Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis objectively discriminated two coastal zones corresponding to onshore and offshore sample locations. Results show that onshore samples are characterized by coarser grain sizes (medium to coarse sand) and higher abundances of Pararotalia nipponica (27 to 63%) than offshore samples, which are characterized by finer grain sizes (fine to medium sand), lower abundances of Pararotalia nipponica (2 to 19%) and Ammonia parkinsoniana (0 to 10%), higher abundances of planktonics (15 to 58%) and species with fragile tests including Uvigerinella glabra. When compared to grain‐size and foraminiferal taxonomy, foraminiferal taphonomy; i.e. surface condition of foraminifera, a proxy not commonly used to identify tsunami deposits, was most effective in discriminating modern coastal zones (identified supratidal, intertidal and offshore environments) and determining sediment provenance for tsunami deposits at Kujukuri. This modern baseline study assists the interpretation of tsunami deposits in the geological record because it provides a basis for sediment provenance to be determined.

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“…It is difficult to obtain information on where sediment has eroded and deposited and whether topographic changes caused by the local sediment runoff or deposition are the results of action from inflow or backwash (e.g. Pham et al 2018). This information determines the sediment budget in the system before and after the tsunami and is therefore important for considering topographic recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, numerical simulation results suggest that there is little transportation of sediments from the shoreline by the first inflowing wave and that inland deposits were formed by sediment transported from the sea. Similarly, analysis of microfossils(Sawai et al, 2009) from preserved 2004 IOT tsunami deposits inland suggests that tsunami deposits on Phra Thong Island originated from shallow nearshore zone Pham et al (2018). suggested that sediment grain sizes and mineralogy were most similar to those of nearshore sediments, but that geochemically the 2004 IOT sediments were a combination of nearshore and onshore sources, but that quantifying the contributions from different environments remains a challenge.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Masaya

Suppasri

Yamashita

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami caused large-scale topographic changes in coastal areas. Whereas much research has focused on coastlines that have or had large human populations, little focus has been paid on coastlines that have little or no infrastructure. The importance of examining erosional and depositional mechanisms of tsunami events lies in the rapid reorganisation that coastlines must undertake immediately after an event. Through understanding the precursor conditions to this reorganisation is paramount to the reconstruction of the coastal environment. This study examines the locations of sediment erosion and deposition during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami event on the relatively pristine Phra Thong Island, Thailand. Coupled with satellite imagery, we use numerical simulations and sediment transportation models to determine the locations of significant erosion and the areas where much of that sediment was redeposited during the tsunami inundation and backwash processes. Our modelling approach confirms that beaches on Phra Thong Island were significantly eroded by the 2004 tsunami, predominantly during the backwash phase of the first and largest wave to strike the island. Although 2004 tsunami sediment deposits are found on the island, we demonstrate that most of the sediment was deposited in the shallow coastal area, facilitating quick recovery of the beach when normal coastal processes resume.

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Elemental and mineralogical analysis of marine and coastal sediments from Phra Thong Island, Thailand: Insights into the provenance of coastal hazard deposits

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

High-frequency Coastal Overwash Deposits from Phra Thong Island, Thailand

High-frequency Coastal Overwash Deposits from Phra Thong Island, Thailand

Constraining sediment provenance for tsunami deposits using distributions of grain size and foraminifera from the Kujukuri coastline and shelf, Japan

Investigating beach erosion related with its recovery at Phra Thong Island, Thailand caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

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