Electrospun PCL/PLA/HA Based Nanofibers as Scaffold for Osteoblast-Like Cells

Abstract

Polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are frequently used as materials for tissue engineering. In this study, PCL/PLA/HA nanofiber mats with different weight ratio were prepared using electrospinning. Their structure and morphology were studied by FTIR and FESEM. FTIR results demonstrated that the HA particles were successfully incorporated into the PCL/PLA nanofibers. The FESEM images showed that the surface of fibers became coarser with the introduction of HA nanoparticles into PCL/PLA system. Furthermore, the addition of HA led to the decreasing of fiber diameter. The average diameters of PCL/PLA/HA nanofiber were in the range of 300-600 nm, while that of PCL/PLA was 776 +/- 15.4 nm. The effect of nanofiber composition on the osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and proliferation were investigated as the preliminary biological evaluation of the scaffold. The MC3T3-E1 cell could be attached actively on all the scaffolds. The MTT assay revealed that PCL/PLA/HA scaffold shows significantly higher cell proliferation than PCL/PLA scaffolds. After 15 days of culture, mineral particles on the surface of the cells was appeared on PCL/PLA/HA nanofibers while normal cell spreading morphology on PCL/PLA nanofibers. These results manifested that electrospun PCL/PLA/HA scaffolds could enhance bone regeneration, showing their marvelous prospect as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Controlled release of drugs in electrosprayed nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering

“…Moreover, HA has the potential to induce hMSCs differentiation into osteogenesis without any addition of growth factors and increase the ALP activity along with osteocalcin expression and mineralization [131]. It also enhances the surface topography of the scaffolds, promotes the growth of cells, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation [132][133][134]. The fabrication of Chitosan/HA biocomposite substitutes for bone tissue formation revealed that spherulites containing calcium and phosphorus is the major component in calcium phosphate apatite known as mineral phase of bone.…”

Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)/polylactide hybrid fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…As temporary templates for cell seeding, migration, proliferation, and differentiation prior to the regeneration of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) or biological functional tissue, 2,3 biomaterial scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications require consideration of proper toughness for cell adhesion, porous three-dimensional structure for cell migration and new bone tissue ingrowth, as well as good osteoconductivity to promote bone repair. 4,5 In recent years, electrospun fibers as bone scaffolds have received great attention for the following reasons: (1) their morphologies are similar to the structures of natural ECM, (2) their intrinsic large surface area-to-volume ratios offer sufficient space for cell adhesion and proliferation, and (3) their interconnected porous structures can provide windows for nutrient and metabolic waste exchange, 6,7 as well as promote vascularization to apply nutrient and drain the consumed metabolites in vivo. 8 The electrospinning technique was originally developed by Zeleny in 1914, 9 and was first patented in the 1930s.…”

“…42 The higher cell viability for the PEG/PLA electrospun fibrous scaffolds demonstrates that the electrospinning scaffolds can accelerate initial attachment of the cells and promote cells to penetration into fiber substrates, which is important for the application of biomaterial scaffolds. 4,33 In order to further confirm cytocompatibility of the PEG/PLA electrospun fibrous scaffolds, fluorescent microscopic images of MSCs grown on the scaffolds were taken. As shown in Figure 4, the cells were observed to adhere and spread actively with a physiological adherence pattern on both the tissue culture plate and the fibrous scaffolds.…”

Potential of Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical and Dental Applications

“…It can be blended with collagen or other biodegradable polymers such as gelatin with enhanced tissue regenerative properties [128,129]. Moreover, biomimetic and osseoconductive materials such as nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) crystals can be incorporated to PCL-PLA fibers to produce composite scaffolds [130]. Additionally, incorporation of nano-HA crystals not only increases the osteogenic potential of these scaffolds but it has also been suggested that these scaffolds have mechanical properties superior to those made of PCL alone [131].…”