Electrophysiologic and Electroretinographic Evidence for Photoreceptor Dysfunction as a Toxic Effect of Digoxin

Detection of cone dysfunction induced by digoxin in dogs by multicolor electroretinography

“…Digoxin‐induced cone dysfunction has been reported in humans, rats and cats 11,26–32,36 . In this study, ERG examination confirmed that digoxin affects cone function in dogs.…”

“…Moreover, of the photoreceptor cells, cones are more sensitive to digoxin than rods, and blue cones in the retina are most sensitive to digoxin 11,29,37 . The difference in sensitivity is caused by differences in Na‐K ATPase isozymes and volume between rods and cones 29,37 . Digoxin‐induced cone disorder was confirmed in dogs, because a reduction of single flash cone ERG was seen by ERG examination using the color LED‐electrodes, but clinical signs such as hemeralopia were not seen.…”

Detection of cone dysfunction induced by digoxin in dogs by multicolor electroretinography

“…Digoxin‐induced cone dysfunction has been reported in humans, rats and cats 11,26–32,36 . In this study, ERG examination confirmed that digoxin affects cone function in dogs.…”

“…Moreover, of the photoreceptor cells, cones are more sensitive to digoxin than rods, and blue cones in the retina are most sensitive to digoxin 11,29,37 . The difference in sensitivity is caused by differences in Na‐K ATPase isozymes and volume between rods and cones 29,37 . Digoxin‐induced cone disorder was confirmed in dogs, because a reduction of single flash cone ERG was seen by ERG examination using the color LED‐electrodes, but clinical signs such as hemeralopia were not seen.…”

Cone Dysfunction in Patients With Late-Onset Cone Dystrophy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…In an elderly population, it is important to exclude a possible differential diagnosis, which may be as frequent as LOCD. Acquired cone dystrophies are rare, and can occur in connection with drugs 8 or as paraneoplastic retinopathies. 7 Therefore, a careful differential diagnosis is mandatory, because retinal dysfunction may be an early sign of cancer or withdrawal of a drug may reduce the symptoms and stop progression.…”

Effect of Digoxin on the Color Vision Disorder, A Case-Control Study

“…The second patient's vision had weakened. Digoxin serum level in both of them was at normal range, and following abstaining from digoxin, abnormal vision symptoms in both patients disappeared [7]. Madreperlad sequentially followed the condition of a patient, who had been intoxicated with digoxin, from the acute state to complete remedial and ophthalmologically examined him.…”

Detection of cone dysfunction induced by digoxin in dogs by multicolor electroretinography

“…Digoxin‐induced cone dysfunction has been reported in humans, rats and cats 11,26–32,36 . In this study, ERG examination confirmed that digoxin affects cone function in dogs.…”

“…Moreover, of the photoreceptor cells, cones are more sensitive to digoxin than rods, and blue cones in the retina are most sensitive to digoxin 11,29,37 . The difference in sensitivity is caused by differences in Na‐K ATPase isozymes and volume between rods and cones 29,37 . Digoxin‐induced cone disorder was confirmed in dogs, because a reduction of single flash cone ERG was seen by ERG examination using the color LED‐electrodes, but clinical signs such as hemeralopia were not seen.…”

Cone Dysfunction in Patients With Late-Onset Cone Dystrophy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…In an elderly population, it is important to exclude a possible differential diagnosis, which may be as frequent as LOCD. Acquired cone dystrophies are rare, and can occur in connection with drugs 8 or as paraneoplastic retinopathies. 7 Therefore, a careful differential diagnosis is mandatory, because retinal dysfunction may be an early sign of cancer or withdrawal of a drug may reduce the symptoms and stop progression.…”

Effect of Digoxin on the Color Vision Disorder, A Case-Control Study

“…The second patient's vision had weakened. Digoxin serum level in both of them was at normal range, and following abstaining from digoxin, abnormal vision symptoms in both patients disappeared [7]. Madreperlad sequentially followed the condition of a patient, who had been intoxicated with digoxin, from the acute state to complete remedial and ophthalmologically examined him.…”

Detection of cone dysfunction induced by digoxin in dogs by multicolor electroretinography

“…Digoxin‐induced cone dysfunction has been reported in humans, rats and cats 11,26–32,36 . In this study, ERG examination confirmed that digoxin affects cone function in dogs.…”

“…Moreover, of the photoreceptor cells, cones are more sensitive to digoxin than rods, and blue cones in the retina are most sensitive to digoxin 11,29,37 . The difference in sensitivity is caused by differences in Na‐K ATPase isozymes and volume between rods and cones 29,37 . Digoxin‐induced cone disorder was confirmed in dogs, because a reduction of single flash cone ERG was seen by ERG examination using the color LED‐electrodes, but clinical signs such as hemeralopia were not seen.…”

Cone Dysfunction in Patients With Late-Onset Cone Dystrophy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…In an elderly population, it is important to exclude a possible differential diagnosis, which may be as frequent as LOCD. Acquired cone dystrophies are rare, and can occur in connection with drugs 8 or as paraneoplastic retinopathies. 7 Therefore, a careful differential diagnosis is mandatory, because retinal dysfunction may be an early sign of cancer or withdrawal of a drug may reduce the symptoms and stop progression.…”

Effect of Digoxin on the Color Vision Disorder, A Case-Control Study

“…The second patient's vision had weakened. Digoxin serum level in both of them was at normal range, and following abstaining from digoxin, abnormal vision symptoms in both patients disappeared [7]. Madreperlad sequentially followed the condition of a patient, who had been intoxicated with digoxin, from the acute state to complete remedial and ophthalmologically examined him.…”