Electrooxidation of short and long chain perfluorocarboxylic acids using boron doped diamond electrodes

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

“…The electrode material is one of the most significant factors in the EOX process; thus, the development of novel electrode materials is a key factor to increase treatment efficiency. EOX can be used for treating different kinds of wastewaters, disinfecting drinking water, and degrading harmful target pollutants (Sirés & Brillas 2012;Brillas & Martínez-Huitle 2015;Gomez-Ruiz et al 2017a;Barısçı et al 2018aBarısçı et al , 2018bTurkay et al 2018;Barisci & Suri 2020;Barisci & Suri 2021). EOX involves two mechanisms that occur simultaneously during the oxidation of pollutants: (1) direct electron transfer to the anode surface, and (2) indirect oxidation with powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from water oxidation, such as hydroxyl radical or active oxygen (Sirés et al 2014;Brillas & Martínez-Huitle 2015;Schaefer et al 2015).…”

“…The energy consumption was estimated as 256 kWh/m 3 to achieve 99.7% removal. Barisci & Suri (2020) studied short-and long-chain PFCA degradation in different water matrices, i.e., ultrapure water, surface water, and domestic wastewater effluent using BDD anodes at bench-scale. More than 95% degradation was reported for all long-chain PFCAs (except C7), regardless of chain length in ultrapure water.…”

Electrochemical technologies for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances mitigation in drinking water and water treatment residuals

“…The inclusion of short-chain PFAS in analyses is important because long-chain PFAS (C7-C18) are degraded into shorter chains (C3-C6) during incomplete destructive treatment, (Kwiatkowski et al, 2020). The low molecular weight and high water solubility of short-chain PFAS can impede diffusion and mass transfer to the electrode surface and decrease removal via electrooxidation (Barisci & Suri, 2020). Barisci & Suri (2020) studied the removal and defluorination of shortand long-chain PFAS in a range of water matrices including deionized water (as a control), river water, and treated wastewater effluent.…”

“…Electrooxidation, most commonly using boron‐doped diamond electrodes, can treat PFAS in environmental source waters such as groundwater at initial concentrations ranging from 10 μg/L to higher levels of 15 mg/L (Table 2). The majority of existing studies focused on PFOA and PFOS removal with fewer studies addressing short‐chain PFAS and other PFAS compounds (Barisci & Suri, 2020; Schaefer et al, 2017; Trautmann et al, 2015). Trautmann et al (2015) found that short‐chain PFAS (perfluorohexanesulphonic acid [PFHxS] and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid [PFBS]) were more resistant to electrooxidation compared to PFOS in both laboratory and field samples from groundwaters contaminated with aqueous film‐forming foam.…”

Power density modulated ultrasonic degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances with and without sparging Argon

“…Sorption and advanced oxidation processes (i.e. electrochemical [12] , [13] , [14] , photocatalytic [15] , [16] , [17] , persulfate [18] , [19] , [20] , plasma techniques [21] , [22] , and ultrasound [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ) have been tested for removal and defluorination of PFASs from water.…”