Electronic structures and nitride formation on ion-implanted AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel

Surface Modification of 304L Stainless Steel and Interface Engineering by HiPIMS Pre-Treatment

“…The increase in width and decrease in the amplitude of the XRD peaks (ferrite and austenite phases) suggests amorphization after etching, as already noticed for ion implantation in stainless steel [39,40]. These observations are consistent with highly energetic incident ions creating damage and deformations in the crystalline lattice, thereby reducing crystallinity [39][40][41][42]. This amorphization seems to be stronger for the Ti + -and Zr + -etched samples because of the simultaneous bombardment from metal and Ar + ions and leads to the disappearance of surface ferrite, whereas Ar + -etched samples undergo only Ar + bombardment leading only to a decrease in the presence of surface ferrite.…”

Ar-implantation on AISI 304 stainless steel against pit initiation processes

“…Only the higher implantation dose (10 17 Ar + /cm 2 ) presented a drastic reduction of this ratio due to the small amount of Cr detected, showing the least favourable Cr/Fe ratio. Chang et al [4] found that a decrease of the Cr and Cr(OH) 3 peaks was an indication that the typical structure of the sample was broken by ion implantation. O 1s 1 / 2 peaks consequently, an important decrease in the protective properties was expected in this sample.…”

“…Some advantages of ion implantation in regard to corrosion prevention are that special alloys can be obtained at the surface of a metal or alloy without alteration or sacrifice of bulk properties [1], that achieve unique properties that standard metallurgical treatments cannot bring out [3]. This technique has the advantage that it can be controlled accurately [4] and is particularly useful when the dimensions of the treated piece cannot be modified: for instance, in bearings or body implants [5][6][7].…”

Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel

“…Yet there are conflicting reports as to whether the effect of nitrogen implantation on the corrosion characteristics of the material is beneficial or deleterious [15,17,18]. The use of plasma-nitriding temperatures as low as 350 °C does not promote degradation in the corrosion resistance of stainless steel [13,[19][20][21][22][23]. Nitriding at a temperature around 500 °C can produce a thick nitrided layer on the austenitic stainless steel surface, which significantly improves the surface hardness and wear properties [24].…”