The electronic structure and chemical bonding of the recently discovered inverse perovskite Sc 3 AlN, in comparison to those of ScN and Sc metal, have been investigated by bulk-sensitive soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy. The measured Sc L, N K, Al L 1 , and Al L 2,3 emission spectra are compared with calculated spectra using first-principles density-functional theory including dipole transition-matrix elements. The main Sc 3d -N 2p and Sc 3d -Al 3p chemical bond regions are identified at −4 and −1.4 eV below the Fermi level, respectively. A strongly modified spectral shape of 3s states in the Al L 2,3 emission from Sc 3 AlN in comparison to that for pure Al metal is found, which reflects the Sc 3d -Al 3p hybridization observed in the Al L 1 emission. The differences between the electronic structures of Sc 3 AlN, ScN, and Sc metal are discussed in relation to the change in the conductivity and elastic properties.