Electronic cigarette advertising at the point-of-sale: a gap in tobacco control research

Ganz, Ollie; Cantrell, Jennifer; Moon-Howard, Joyce; Aidala, Angela A.; Kirchner, Thomas; Vallone, Donna

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051337

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…21 While there is limited published data on advertising of e-cigarettes in the retail environment 22 emerging evidence suggests that many point-of-sale locations like gas stations display e-cigarette advertisements on both the interior and exterior of the establishment, which heavily focus on the availability of flavors and are displayed at easy viewing levels for children. 23 Our results indicate that these marketing strategies may be troublingly effective, as many adolescents reported obtaining e-cigarettes from point-of-sale locations like gas stations and tobacco shops, as well from social media outlets. This evidence suggests that there is an urgent need to implement federal and local regulations to control e-cigarette advertising and sales to reduce children and adolescent exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

E-cigarette Use Among High School and Middle School Adolescents in Connecticut

Krishnan‐Sarin

Morean

Camenga

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

189

186

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Introduction: There is limited evidence on electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among U.S. adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional, anonymous surveys conducted in 4 high schools (HS; n = 3,614) and 2 middle schools (MS; n = 1,166) in Connecticut in November 2013 examined e-cigarette awareness, use patterns, susceptibility to future use, preferences, product components used (battery type, nicotine content, flavors), and sources of marketing and access. Results: High rates of awareness (MS: 84.3%; HS: 92.0%) and of lifetime (3.5% MS, 25.2 % HS) and current (1.5% MS, 12% HS) use of e-cigarettes was observed. Among those who had not tried e-cigarettes, 26.4% of MS and 31.7% of HS students reported being susceptible to future use. Males (OR = 1.70, p < .01), older students (OR = 1.39, p < .05), Caucasians (OR = 2.01, p < .001), ever cigarette smokers (OR = 13.04, p < .001), and current cigarette smokers (OR = 65.11, p < .001) were more likely to be lifetime e-cigarette users and to report greater future susceptibility (males: OR = 1.30; Caucasians: OR = 1.14; ever cigarette smokers; OR = 3.85; current cigarette smokers; OR = 9.81; ps < .01-.001). Among MS students who were lifetime e-cigarette users, 51.2% reported that e-cigarette was the first tobacco product they had tried. E-cigarettes that were rechargeable and had sweet flavors were most popular. Smokers preferred e-cigarettes to cigarettes. Current cigarette smokers were more likely to initiate with nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, and ever and never cigarette smokers to initiate with e-cigarettes without nicotine. Primary sources for e-cigarette advertisements were televisions and gas stations and, for acquiring e-cigarettes, were peers. Conclusions: Longitudinal monitoring of e-cigarette use among adolescents and establishment of policies to limit access are imperatively needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

E-cigarette Use Among High School and Middle School Adolescents in Connecticut

Krishnan‐Sarin

Morean

Camenga

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

189

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The strong positive association between density and recent cigarette and non-cigarette combustible product experimentation and the null association with recent noncombustible experimentation may be due either to varying availability of these products in outlets or differences in advertising at the point-of-sale. Although there is little data on variations in the availability of cigarettes, non-cigarette combustibles and noncombustibles across outlets, with some exceptions, [50][51][52] over 90% of cigarette marketing expenditures in the United States in 2011 7 were focused on the point-of sale environment compared with only 56% of noncombustible advertising dollars, which includes spending for chewing tobacco, dip/snuff, snus and dissolvables. 2 To reach the young adult population, relatively more resources for noncombustible marketing may be aimed toward sponsorships at bar nights and concerts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Retail Outlet Density and Young Adult Tobacco Initiation

Cantrell

Pearson

Anesetti-Rothermel

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Background: A growing body of evidence indicates that the density of tobacco retail outlets around the home residence may influence tobacco use among youth and adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of neighborhood tobacco retail outlet density on young adult initiation of different tobacco product types. Methods: Cross-sectional data from a 2013 nationally representative sample of young adults aged 18-34 was examined in relation to a 2012 geocoded listing of all outlets likely to sell tobacco in the United States. Separate multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between neighborhood outlet density and past 6 months first use of cigarettes, non-cigarette combustible products, and noncombustible products among adults aged 18-24 and 25-34. Results: Outlet density was significantly associated with recent initiation of cigarettes and other combustibles, but this impact varied for younger and older groups. Increased density was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of initiating cigarette use among adults aged 25-34 (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.18, 11.90), and of initiating non-cigarette combustible use among 18-24 year olds (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.03, 9.74). There was no impact of outlet density on recent noncombustible product initiation among either group. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine the impact of tobacco outlet density on young adult initiation of cigarettes and other tobacco products. Findings demonstrate that residential neighborhood outlet density is associated with recent initiation of combustible products and this effect varies by product type and age. The tobacco outlet environment may be a critical factor in promoting young adult tobacco use initiation.

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“…12 Furthermore, aggressive marketing campaigns for e-cigarettes are being conducted on prime-time television, on the Internet, at shopping malls, and at other venues readily accessible to adolescents. [13][14][15][16] Such considerations have led to concerns that e-cigarettes may lead to a renormalization of cigarette smoking, with this being a particular concern for younger populations, who show a high degree of awareness of e-cigarettes. 2,17 However, at present there is little empirical evidence on this issue.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Exclusive E-Cigarette Use and Dual E-Cigarette Use and Tobacco Use in Adolescents

et al. 2015

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To describe electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and cigarette use among adolescents and determine whether established risk factors for smoking discriminate user categories.METHODS: School-based survey of 1941 high school students (mean age 14.6 years) in Hawaii; data collected in 2013. The survey assessed e-cigarette use and cigarette use, alcohol and marijuana use, and psychosocial risk and protective variables (eg, parental support, academic involvement, smoking expectancies, peer smoking, sensation seeking). Analysis of variance and multinomial regression examined variation in risk and protective variables across the following categories of ever-use: e-cigarette only, cigarette only, dual use (use of both products), and nonuser (never used either product).RESULTS: Prevalence for the categories was 17% (e-cigarettes only), 12% (dual use), 3% (cigarettes only), and 68% (nonusers). Dual users and cigarette-only users were highest on risk status (elevated on risk factors and lower on protective factors) compared with other groups. E-cigarette only users were higher on risk status than nonusers but lower than dual users. E-cigarette only users and dual users more often perceived e-cigarettes as healthier than cigarettes compared with nonusers.CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a US adolescent sample with one of the largest prevalence rates of e-cigarette only use in the existing literature. Dual use also had a substantial prevalence. The fact that e-cigarette only users were intermediate in risk status between nonusers and dual users raises the possibility that e-cigarettes are recruiting medium-risk adolescents, who otherwise would be less susceptible to tobacco product use. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:There is a debate about whether e-cigarettes will benefit public health. However, there is little knowledge about how e-cigarette users and dual users (those using both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes) differ from other adolescents on a range of variables. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Teenagers who only used e-cigarettes were intermediate in levels of risk and protective factors between nonusers and those who used both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. This raises a question about whether e-cigarettes recruit low-risk youth to tobacco product use.

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Electronic cigarette advertising at the point-of-sale: a gap in tobacco control research

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

E-cigarette Use Among High School and Middle School Adolescents in Connecticut

E-cigarette Use Among High School and Middle School Adolescents in Connecticut

Tobacco Retail Outlet Density and Young Adult Tobacco Initiation

Risk Factors for Exclusive E-Cigarette Use and Dual E-Cigarette Use and Tobacco Use in Adolescents

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