2007
DOI: 10.1086/513599
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Abstract: The process of electron injection at high Mach number, collisionless, quasi-perpendicular shock waves is investigated by means of one-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations. We find that energetic electrons are generated in two steps: (1) electrons are accelerated nearly perpendicular to the local magnetic field by shock surfing acceleration at the leading edge of the shock transition region, and (2) these preaccelerated electrons are further accelerated by shock drift acceleration. As a resu… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(104 citation statements)
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“…We interpret this as an upper limit cut‐off or steepening in the electron distribution. Simulations of electron acceleration by shocks (Amano & Hoshino 2007) also confirm a steeper distribution at high energies. A change in the spectrum of electrons has been also invoked as an explanation for the chromatic break in the X‐ray and optical afterglows (Wei & Lu 2002; Misra et al 2007).…”
Section: Modellingmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…We interpret this as an upper limit cut‐off or steepening in the electron distribution. Simulations of electron acceleration by shocks (Amano & Hoshino 2007) also confirm a steeper distribution at high energies. A change in the spectrum of electrons has been also invoked as an explanation for the chromatic break in the X‐ray and optical afterglows (Wei & Lu 2002; Misra et al 2007).…”
Section: Modellingmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…However, the exact generation mechanism is under debate (Wu et al 1983;Krasnoselskikh et al 2002;Matsukiyo & Scholer 2006;Hellinger et al 2007) and full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations performed on this subject are limited to the use ofan unrealistic set of parameters including the mass ratio m m i e and the ratio between Alfvén speed and the speed of light v c A . For the cases with high Alfvén Mach numbers and unrealistic mass ratios, some PIC simulations show that electrons can be efficiently accelerated in the electric field due to the Buneman instability excited at the shock foot (Shimada & Hoshino 2000;Hoshino & Shimada 2002;Amano & Hoshino 2007). However, whether this mechanism is robust enough for the realistic mass ratio = m m 1836 i e in a protonelectron plasma and three-dimensional simulations is not clear (see Riquelme & Spitkovsky 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, in the light of the uncertainties related to the details of the acceleration processes, several authors still considered the quasiperpendicular scenario a viable option: Fulbright & Reynolds (1990) argued against the quasi-parallel scenario pointing out that quasi-parallel models often give rise to unobserved morphologies in the radio band (see also Orlando et al 2007); Yamazaki et al (2004) still considered both models to explain the observed width of selected filaments of SN1006 observed by Bamba et al (2003), whereas Amano & Hoshino (2007) developed a quasi-perpendicular model that agrees very well with the same data.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%