Electrolytic determination of nanomolar concentrations of silver in solution with a piezoelectric quartz crystal

Nomura, Toshiaki; Iijima, Minami

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)93538-x

Cited by 134 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…When the QCM is used in an aqueous solution, equation (1) cannot be simply adopted due to the effects of interfacial liquid properties such as viscosity, density and conductivity [27,28]. It is, however, known that equation (1) can be used for solution systems under specific conditions where the effect of the viscoelasticity of the polymer is negligible [29,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our experiments, a linear relationship was observed between the change in mass and frequency shift of the QCM both in air and in aqueous solution. Thus, the Sauerbrey equation can be applied to the aqueous solution system under study [27,28]. Also, since we are dealing with dilute reactant solutions, the variations of viscosity and liquid density were assumed to be negligible during the experiment; hence, the change in frequency due to these effects can be considered constant [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quartz crystal microbalance and spectroscopy measurements for acid doping in polyaniline films

Ayad

Zaki

2008

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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We investigated the doping of thin polyaniline (PANI) films, prepared by the chemical oxidation of aniline, with different acids. The initial step in the investigation is the preparation of PANI films from aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. This is followed by dedoping with ammonia to obtain a PANI base, which is subsequently doped with strong acids (e.g. hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric and trichloroacetic acids) and with a weak acid (acetic acid). The dopant weight fraction (w), which is connected with the gain of mass during the doping of PANI, was determined in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The behavior of PANI upon doping with different anions derived from strong acids indicates that both proton and the anion uptake into the polymer chains occur sharply, rapidly, completely, and reversibly. However the uptake in the case in acetic acid is characterized by slow diffusion. The doping was studied at different concentrations of acetic acid. A second cycle of dedoping-redoping was also performed. The kinetics of the doping reaction is dominated by Fickian diffusion kinetics. The diffusion coefficients (D) of the dopant ions into the PANI chains were determined using the QCM and by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in the range of (0.076-1.64) × 10 −15 cm 2 s −1 . It was found that D in the second cycle of doping is larger than that evaluated from the first cycle of doping for high concentrations of acetic acid. D for the diffusion and for the dopant ion expulsion from the PANI chains was also determined during the redoping process. It was found that D for acetic acid ions in the doping process is larger than that calculated for the dedoping process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz crystal microbalance and spectroscopy measurements for acid doping in polyaniline films

Ayad

Zaki

2008

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…1). These transducers were called Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and were developped twenty years ago for liquid applications [4,5]. The active element of a QCM was formed by a thin round plate of quartz with two gold electrodes deposited on the two opposite sides (Fig.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Devices Tsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensors based on piezolectric transducers

Bizet¹,

Gabrielli²,

Perrot³

1999

Analusis

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“…It was an inevitable fact that the precision of the analysis was poor because of the complicated operations, such as the reproducibility of setting the crystal to the oscillator and depositing the metal ions on the electrode. After the quartz crystal immersed in a solution oscillated, 2,3 direct electrodepositing determinations of metal ions in solutions such as copper(II), 4 silver(I), 5,6 lead(II), 7 gold(III) 8 or anions such as cyanide, 2,9 iodide, 10 and bromide 11 were reported. Although the quantitative analysis of the various ions using the quartz crystal became more sensitive and simple, it was still inconvenient to use the electrode of the quartz crystal as a working electrode because of exfoliation and the short life of the electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver-selective Sensor Using an Electrode-separated Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Modified with a Chitosan Derivative

Bao

Nomura

2002

ANAL. SCI.

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The determinations of metal ions in solutions using a piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) were performed with electrodeposition 1 until 1980. In this method, after the analyte in a solution was electrodeposited onto the electrode of the quartz crystal for several minutes, the different frequencies of the quartz crystal before and after the deposition were measured under a dried condition. It was an inevitable fact that the precision of the analysis was poor because of the complicated operations, such as the reproducibility of setting the crystal to the oscillator and depositing the metal ions on the electrode. After the quartz crystal immersed in a solution oscillated, 2,3 direct electrodepositing determinations of metal ions in solutions such as copper(II), 4 silver(I), 5,6 lead(II), 7 gold(III) 8 or anions such as cyanide, 2,9 iodide, 10 and bromide 11 were reported. Although the quantitative analysis of the various ions using the quartz crystal became more sensitive and simple, it was still inconvenient to use the electrode of the quartz crystal as a working electrode because of exfoliation and the short life of the electrode. Another determination method of metal ions at the µM level has been developed by a precipitation reaction, [12][13][14] or ion-pair complexation 15 to deposit directly onto the quartz crystal. These methods need a pretreatment to separate the analytes, or to choose a highly selective precipitant. Nomura et al. applied a functional film to the surface of the quartz crystal for a selective concentration and determination of the metal ion simultaneously. Silicon oil was coated onto a quartz crystal for iron(III) and aluminum(III), 16 and poly(vinylpyridine) for copper(II). 17 Chitosan has been widely used for the concentration and separation of metal ions as an absorption reagent, [19][20][21] and a quantitative analysis of metal ions has been developed by coating chitosan onto a quartz crystal as a functional film. 18 Especially, metal-complexed chitosan and a chitosan derivative are useful for a peculiar selective separation of some metal ions.The chitosan film, however, can be used only in a basic solution because of dissolution in acidic. To conquer this weak point, the chitosan was combined chemically onto a quartz crystal plate with silane and glutaraldehyde, and then the frequency behavior and the adsorption characteristics of metal ions in solution were examined for N-(2-pyridylmethyl) chitosan (PMC) 23 modified on the quartz crystal plate. The chitosan derivative (PMC) film selectively adsorbed silver(I) in an ammonium chloride buffer solution containing EDTA, and could be applied to the determination of a trace amount of silver(I). Experimental ReagentsAll of the chemicals were bought from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. The reagents for the film, {chitosan1000, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxylsilane (APTES), glutaraldehyde, and 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde} were used without further purification. The standard storage solutions of metal ions were prepared with analytical reagent-grade ch...

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Electrolytic determination of nanomolar concentrations of silver in solution with a piezoelectric quartz crystal

Cited by 134 publications

References 1 publication

Quartz crystal microbalance and spectroscopy measurements for acid doping in polyaniline films

Quartz crystal microbalance and spectroscopy measurements for acid doping in polyaniline films

Biosensors based on piezolectric transducers

Silver-selective Sensor Using an Electrode-separated Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Modified with a Chitosan Derivative

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