Electrokinetics of the contraction of a polyelectrolyte hydrogel under the influence of constant electric current

Budtova, Tatiana; Сулейменов, И. Э.; Frenkel, S.Ya.

doi:10.1016/0966-7822(94)00031-2

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is due to electrochemical processes following Faraday's law and is evident fi rst in the area of high gel response. Thereafter there is a possibility for electro-osmotic water release in an area having a low response [ 145 ]. In addition to drug release applications, and owing to their biocompatibility and stimulus sensitivity, these EAP-based polyelectrolyte hydrogels also have shown potential as biosensors, microsurgical tools, miniature bioreactors, and for use in DNA hybridization.…”

Section: Eap-based Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels In the Delivery Of Biolomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…DNA is a polyelectrolyte, thus indicating the potential for synthesizing biocompatible polyelectrolytes [ 11 ]. The incorporation of a polyelectrolyte into a hydrogel creates the potential for swelling, collapse, or even shape change of the system when exposed to solutions of varying pH or charge [ 145 ]. Examples of electrically responsive polyelectrolytes include PAA and PVA copolymer membranes, sulfonated cross-linked polystyrene gel, acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer with PPy/carbon black, and chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels [ 146 ], which can display good electrical responses at various pH values.…”

Section: Eap-based Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels In the Delivery Of Biolomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroactive Polymers and Coatings

Toit

Kumar

Choonara

et al. 2016

Industrial Applications for Intelligent Polymers and Coatings

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Electroactive polymers (EAPs) and coatings (EACs) provide an expanding and progressive frontier for responsive drug delivery and the design of biomedical devices. EAPs possess the distinctive propensity to undergo a change in shape and/or size following electrical current activation. Current interest in EAPs and EACs extends to use in controlled drug delivery applications, where an "on-off" mechanism for drug releases would be optimal, as well as application in a biomedical devices and implants. This chapter explores and molecularly characterizes various EAPs such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyethylene, which can ultimately be incorporated into responsive hydrogels in conjunction with, for example, a desired bioactive, to obtain a stimulus-controlled bioactive release system, which can be actuated by the patient, for enhanced specifi city. The institution of hybrids of conducting polymers and hydrogels has also been subjected to increasing investigation as soft EACs, which have been applied, for example, in the improvement of the mechanical and electrical performance of metallic implant electrodes. The various interconnected aspects of EAP-based systems, including their synthesis, proposed modus operandi , physical properties, as well as functionalization approaches for enhancing the performance of these systems, are delineated. The use and comparison of these EAPs and EACs alone, and in conjunction with hydrogels, is further elaborated, together with strategies for integrating electroactive components and hydrogels. Approaches for modeling and explaining the proposed modus operandi of these systems are delineated. A critical review of diverse biomedical systems implementing EAPs and EACs having application in the pharmaceutical and medical industry, specifi cally, is provided, highlighting their applications, potential advantages, and possible limitations. Ultimately, this chapter illuminates innovative approaches for enabling EAP-and EAC-based systems to attain their full clinical potential.

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Section: Eap-based Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels In the Delivery Of Biolomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Eap-based Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels In the Delivery Of Biolomentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive Polymers and Coatings

Toit

Kumar

Choonara

et al. 2016

Industrial Applications for Intelligent Polymers and Coatings

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“…As was shown in Ref. 8, it is possible to control the rate of the hydrogel contraction and thus to run the time parameters of the whole cycle. This follows from the fact that for the low degrees of the gel contraction the law which is analogous to the Faraday one is fulfilled.'…”

Section: Hydrogel Behavior Under Constant Currentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physical principles of using polyelectrolyte hydrogels for purifying and enrichment technologies

Budtova

Сулейменов

1995

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISThe main physical regularities which allow one to use a strongly charged hydrogel in purifying and/or enrichment technologies are analyzed. The proposed cyclic method is based on the two known phenomena-the salt concentration redistribution in the presence of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel and the reversible gel contraction under electric current. It is shown that in order to obtain high degrees of purification and/or concentration the salt concentration must be lower than that of the polymer. Under these conditions, there is no dependence on the nature of the salt and the cycle may be repeated several times without regeneration of the gel. 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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“…These contractions induce the exudation of water and thus drug release along with water (Adapted from Ref. ).…”

Section: The Application Of Polyelectrolytes For the Delivery Of Biolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first occurs at the area of high gel response and may be due to electrochemical processes that obey Faraday's law with a correction coefficient. The second is an area with low response and that may be due to the electro‐osmosis release of water . Whether the collapsing process occurs at the anode or cathode, it all depends on whether the hydrogel is an anodic or cathodic hydrogel.…”

Section: The Application Of Polyelectrolytes For the Delivery Of Biolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of integrating electroactive polymers as responsive systems for specialized drug delivery applications

Pillay

Tsai

Choonara

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

102

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Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are promising candidate materials for the design of drug delivery technologies, especially in conditions where an "on-off" drug release mechanism is required. To achieve this, EAPs such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, ethylene vinyl acetate, and polyethylene may be blended into responsive hydrogels in conjunction with the desired drug to obtain a patient-controlled drug release system. The "on-off" drug release mechanism can be achieved through the environmental-responsive nature of the interpenetrating hydrogel-EAP complex via (i) charged ions initiated diffusion of drug molecules; (ii) conformational changes that occur during redox switching of EAPs; or (iii) electroerosion. These release mechanisms are not exhaustive and new release mechanisms are still under investigation. Therefore, this review seeks to provide a concise incursion and critical overview of EAPs and responsive hydrogels as a strategy for advanced drug delivery, for example, controlled release of neurotransmitters, sulfosalicyclic acid from cross-linked hydrogel, and vaccine delivery. The review further discusses techniques such as linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry for the determination of the redox capability of EAPs. The future implications of the hydrogel-EAP composites include, but not limited to, application toward biosensors, DNA hybridizations, microsurgical tools, and miniature bioreactors and may be utilized to their full potential in the form of injectable devices as nanorobots or nanobiosensors.

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Electrokinetics of the contraction of a polyelectrolyte hydrogel under the influence of constant electric current

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Electroactive Polymers and Coatings

Electroactive Polymers and Coatings

Physical principles of using polyelectrolyte hydrogels for purifying and enrichment technologies

A review of integrating electroactive polymers as responsive systems for specialized drug delivery applications

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