Electroconductive Hydrogel Based on Functional Poly(Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)

Mawad, Damia; Artzy‐Schnirman, Arbel; Tonkin, Joanne; Ramos, José; Inal, Sahika; Mahat, Mohd Muzamir; Darwish, Nadim; Zwi‐Dantsis, Limor; Malliaras, George G.; Gooding, J. Justin; Lauto, Antonio; Stevens, Molly M.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01298

Cited by 97 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…An alternative approach to conductive hydrogels is by the crosslinking of PEDOT bearing carboxylic acids and methacrylamide functional groups (f‐PEDOT) with PEG‐diacrylate and acrylic acid . This approach, while requiring a longer synthetic sequence than for the IPN, allowed anchoring of the conductive polymer in the hydrogel to prevent leaching of the polymer during swelling.…”

Section: Hydrogels Based On Pedot:pss and Pedotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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The conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well‐known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility—a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin—toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular‐ or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large‐area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution‐processable printing techniques (e.g., roll‐to‐roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.

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Section: Hydrogels Based On Pedot:pss and Pedotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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“…Organic semiconductors are the most adapted active materials for OECTs because their performance to transport charge and host ions can be designed at will by molecular structure. OECTs are ideally suited for biological interfacing because of their stability in aqueous electrolytes, cytocompatibility, facile biofunctionalization, and sterilization by autoclaving . OECTs have evidently been used in logic circuits, some also integrating OFETs .…”

Section: Charge and Ion Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

et al. 2020

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The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.

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“…neurons) based on the idea that an electroactive material can modulate neuronal growth and differentiation and be used to engineer in vitro models of electro‐responsive tissues . A body of literature exists on CP‐based hydrogels which have been shown to host cells, some of these with the aim to provide an electrically conducting support material which can faciliate implanted neuronal constructs forming electroactive connections with the host tissue without provoking glial scarring . Moreover, processibilty of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has enabled preparation of conducting scaffolds/fibers comprising a variety of materials including bacterial cellulose .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymer Scaffolds for Hosting and Monitoring 3D Cell Culture

et al. 2017

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now clear that architectures that reproduce tissue organization in 3D are favored for studying function as first shown by Bissell and co-workers nearly 30 years ago. [5,6] Another emerging concept is the capacity for multiple cell types to auto-organize when given the appropriate mechanical cues. [7] A large variety of 3D models have been developed, with the major subtypes being spheroids/organoids, multilayered tissue like models, and scaffold models. [8] 3D tissues are frequently constructed as spheroids using hydrogel-like matrices such as Matrigel, [9] or PuraMatrix, [10] with a highly desirable degree of mechanical softness, however, there can be problems related to cost and inhomogeneity of the materials. [11] Multilayer models hold a lot of promise for applications such as skin toxicology measurements, [12] however, they cannot be easily applied for more complex tissue or organ constructs including vasculature. Considerable attention has thus focused on the development of biocompatible scaffold materials for hosting cells in 3D. A variety of synthetic and bio-derived polymers (some resorbable, some not) have been used to mimic the ECM or connective tissue. In terms of technology integration, the major advances so far for 3D cell biology have been related to materials and methods used for scaffold preparation, and integration of microfabrication techniques, for example for fluidics. As might be expected, a challenge of 3D culture over 2D is associated with the difficulty of oxygenation of tissues in the absence of vasculature. Microfluidics have gained favor for a number of reasons, including for perfusion, reduction in reagent volumes, and the fact that flow induced stress This work reports the design of a live-cell monitoring platform based on a macroporous scaffold of a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). The conducting polymer scaffolds support 3D cell cultures due to their biocompatibility and tissue-like elasticity, which can be manipulated by inclusion of biopolymers such as collagen. Integration of a media perfusion tube inside the scaffold enables homogenous cell spreading and fluid transport throughout the scaffold, ensuring long term cell viability. This also allows for co-culture of multiple cell types inside the scaffold. The inclusion of cells within the porous architecture affects the impedance of the electrically conducting polymer network and, thus, is utilized as an in situ tool to monitor cell growth. Therefore, while being an integral part of the 3D tissue, the conducting polymer is an active component, enhancing the tissue function, and forming the basis for a bioelectronic device with integrated sensing capability.

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Electroconductive Hydrogel Based on Functional Poly(Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)

Cited by 97 publications

References 44 publications

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

Conducting Polymer Scaffolds for Hosting and Monitoring 3D Cell Culture

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