Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices

Abstract

Electrochromic materials, both organic and inorganic, have widespread applications in light-attenuation, displays and analysis. Written in an accessible manner, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of electrochromic systems and their many applications. Coverage develops from electrochromic scope and history to new searching presentations of optical quantification and theoretical mechanistic models. Non-electrode electrochromism and photo-electrochromism are summarised, with updated comprehensive reviews of electrochromic oxides (tungsten-trioxide particularly), metal co-ordination complexes and metal-cyanometallates, viologens and other organics; and more recent exotics such as fullerenes, hydrides, and conjugated electroactive polymers are also covered. The book concludes by examining device construction and durability. With an extensive bibliography, recent advances in the field, modern applications and a step-by-step development from simple examples to sophisticated theories, this book is ideal for researchers in materials science, polymer science, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, bioscience and (applied) optoelectronics.

Electrochromic and Colorimetric Properties of Nickel(II) Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition

“…41 Absorbance vs. time plots (not included) were used to calculate the response times (Table 1) for all the NiO thin films. Response time is defined as the time required for obtaining partial or total change in absorbance 1 . Here, response times are reported as the time taken for the absorbance to reach 90% of the total absorbance change for both coloration (t c ) and 'bleaching' (t b ) process (Table 1).…”

“…1,2 Applications of electrochromic materials include 'smart' windows for architectural applications, 3 and anti-glare car mirrors, 4 based on the modulation of transmitted and reflected visible radiation, respectively. The development of smart windows is the subject of intensive research, as implementation of such technology would lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption in highly glazed buildings by reducing cooling loads, heating loads and the demand for electric lighting, 3 as well as improving indoor comfort due to less glare and thermal discomfort.…”

Toward a quantitative model for suspended particle devices: Optical scattering and absorption coefficients

“…The most important of these applications, seen in a global perspective, is the ''smart windows'' that are significant for reducing the energy used in the built environment [4,5] and hence for CO 2 abatement and for combating global warming. The devices enabling modulation of luminous and solar transmittance can be of several different kinds such as electrochromic five-layer ''battery-type'' devices based on inorganic oxides [6][7][8], hydrides [9,10] or on organic materials [11]; suspended-particle devices (SPDs) [12][13][14][15][16]; polymer-dispersed liquid crystals [17,18]; and reversible electroplating systems [19,20]. The least investigated and understood of these seems to be the SPDs, which at first sight is surprising since this type of devices has a venerable history and goes back to the ''light valves'' introduced by Edwin Land in the 1930s and forming the basis of a long series of patents [21].…”

Modeling of optical and energy performance of tungsten-oxide-based electrochromic windows including their intermediate states

“…One can control the transmittance of the visible and infrared solar radiation flowing in and out of the building by adjusting the small voltage applied across the multilayer system. The electrochromic properties of tungsten oxides have been extensively studied [6,[8][9]. Practically all of the studies have been limited to the fully bleached and fully colored states.…”