Electrochemically stable cathode current collectors for rechargeable magnesium batteries

Cheng, Yingwen; Liu, Tianbiao L.; Shao, Yuyan; Engelhard, Mark H.; Li, Jun; Li, Guosheng

doi:10.1039/c3ta15113a

Cited by 85 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The anodic currents below the decomposition potential of the electrolyte on Pt working electrodes have been reported for Mg electrolytes with similar composition before and were attributed to pitting corrosion of the current collectors. 8,9,11,12 This observation was confirmed by investigation of the current collectors after the polarization by SEM, showing that the surface of the current collectors were covered with corrosion pits which is shown exemplarily for a Ni current collector in Figure 1b.Motivated by previous reports of high anodic stability of Grignard based electrolytes on glassy carbon and carbon coated Ti working electrodes, 9 the corrosion resistance of carbonaceous surfaces was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry.As shown in Figure 2a, a high anodic stability beyond 3 V was observed for a graphite current collector in linear sweep voltammetry. During chronoamperometry at a potential of 2.5 V vs. Mg/Mg 2+ no increase of the current density was measured during 48 h, confirming the good stability of the graphite current collector in the electrolyte.…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

“…14 In contrast, only very low current densities were 12 It has been shown that Cr and Mo influence the passivation behavior of steels in chloride containing environments. 15,16 However, further investigations are needed to clarify whether the same mechanisms are responsible for the corrosion resistance of Hastelloy B and Inconel 625 in the bisamide based electrolyte.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Resistance of Current Collector Materials in Bisamide Based Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries

Wall

Zhao‐Karger

Fichtner

2014

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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The compatibility of Ti, Cr, Ni, Fe, Al, steel type 304, Inconel 625, Hastelloy B and carbon coated current collectors with bisamide based electrolyte for Mg-batteries was investigated. Pitting corrosion of current collectors made from 3d-transition metals and steel type 304 was observed at potentials between 2.2-3.1 V vs. Mg/Mg 2+ . Anodic stability up to 3.8 V and resistance against corrosion for 48 h at a potential of 2.5 V vs. Mg/Mg 2+ and above was found for Inconel 625, Hastelloy B, graphite and carbon coated Al foil. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0111501eel] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted October 9, 2014; revised manuscript received November 10, 2014. Published November 18, 2014 Recently Mg batteries have gained large interest due to the high theoretical energy density of Mg (2233 mAh g −1 and 3832 mAh cm −3 , respectively) but also because of the comparable low price, high abundance and the non-toxic properties of Mg.1,2 In contrast to metallic Li, no dendrite formation has been observed during electrochemical cycling of Mg.3,4 Thus, the technical application of metallic Mg anodes for secondary batteries with liquid electrolyte is not hampered by safety concerns as they exist for metallic Li. As the energy density of a battery is determined by the capacity of the electrode materials and by the potential difference between the anode and the cathode, both should be as high as possible. However, high operation potentials increase the driving force for oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte as well as for corrosion of the current collector at the cathode. Anodic stabilities of electrolytes exceeding 3 V vs. Mg/Mg 2+ have been demonstrated recently. [5][6][7] However, until now all electrolytes for Mg batteries with good electrochemical performance (i.e. large voltage window, compatibility with metallic Mg and high ionic conductivity) contain chlorine, which was found to cause severe corrosion of current collectors made from Cu, Al, Ti and stainless steel. 2,8,9Recently we developed a synthesis for bisamide based electrolytes with unprecedented anodic stability by reaction of magnesiumbis(hexamethyldisilazide) [(HMDS) 2 Mg] with AlCl 3 in different aprotic solvents, which are compatible with sulfur cathodes. 5,10 In order to utilize such electrolytes for magnesium batteries, we have now studied the corrosion behavior of various metals and steels and investigated if corrosion can be mitigated by a carbon coating. ExperimentalChronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry of current collectors was conducted vs. Mg foil, (Goodfellow, 99.99 %) in two...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

supporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Corrosion Resistance of Current Collector Materials in Bisamide Based Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries

Wall

Zhao‐Karger

Fichtner

2014

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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“…A large part of this increased effort can be attributed to the high demand for large-scale applications, which has also triggered a closer attention to the safety and sustainability of using Li. [1][2][3] In particular, MIB has been regarded as the most promising candidate owing to magnesium's rich content in the Earth's crust (20,000 times more than Li), as well as its chemical stability. 4 Compared to Li, Mg is inherently much safer due to higher stability in contact with air in addition to the absence of dendritic formation during electrochemical cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong corrosive behaviour of electrolytes developed up to now for MIB gives rise to the strict requirements for the typical metal current collectors. 3 So, to be able to study the effect of the host-structure and morphology features of the cathode on the battery performance, finding a suitable current collector with electrochemical stability over the entire potential range is extremely important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sponge-Like Porous Manganese(II,III) Oxide as a Highly Efficient Cathode Material for Rechargeable Magnesium Ion Batteries

et al. 2016

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Here, we are the first to report a spinel type Mn3O4 as cathode material for Mg-ion battery (MIB) with graphite foil (Gif) as current collector. High coulombic efficiency and good cyclic stability of Mn3O4 are demonstrated, and the process is enhanced by using Mn3O4 nanoparticles with a sponge-like morphology. The powder exhibits a network of interconnected mesopores with well-dispersed nanoparticles (~10 nm) and large specific surface area (102 m 2 g -1 ). This structural configuration provides easy access for electrolyte penetration which markedly enhances the utilization of electroactive material, generates high ion flux across the electrode-electrolyte interface and provides more active sites for electrochemical reactions to occur. This study can possibly open the way for exploring other similar compounds with a spinel type structure for MIB.

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Molecular Storage of Mg Ions with Vanadium Oxide Nanoclusters

Cheng

Shao

Raju

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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Mg batteries have potential advantages in terms of safety, cost, and reliability over existing battery technologies, but their practical implementations are hindered by the lack of amenable high‐voltage cathode materials. The development of cathode materials is complicated by limited understandings of the unique divalent Mg2+ ion electrochemistry and the interaction/transportation of Mg2+ ions with host materials. Here, it is shown that highly dispersed vanadium oxide (V2O5) nanoclusters supported on porous carbon frameworks are able to react with Mg2+ ions reversibly in electrolytes that are compatible with Mg metal, and exhibit high capacities and good reaction kinetics. They are able to deliver initial capacities exceeding 300 mAh g−1 at 40 mA g−1 in the voltage window of 0.5 to 2.8 V. The combined electron microscope, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry characterizations suggest a surface‐controlled pseudocapacitive electrochemical reaction, and may be best described as a molecular energy storage mechanism. This work can provide a new approach of using the molecular mechanism for pseudocapacitive storage of Mg2+ for Mg batteries cathode materials.

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Electrochemically stable cathode current collectors for rechargeable magnesium batteries

Abstract: This work identified that Mo and W are two electrochemically stable metals for using as current collectors and cell cases for rechargeable magnesium batteries.

Cited by 85 publications

References 32 publications

Corrosion Resistance of Current Collector Materials in Bisamide Based Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries

Corrosion Resistance of Current Collector Materials in Bisamide Based Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries

Sponge-Like Porous Manganese(II,III) Oxide as a Highly Efficient Cathode Material for Rechargeable Magnesium Ion Batteries

Molecular Storage of Mg Ions with Vanadium Oxide Nanoclusters

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