Electrochemical treatment of ammonia in wastewater by RuO2–IrO2–TiO2/Ti electrodes

Abstract

This study investigated the removal of ammonia in wastewater by an electrochemical method using titanium electrodes coated with ruthenium and iridium (RuO 2 -IrO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti) with low chlorine evolution overvoltage. The effects of operating parameters, including chloride ion concentration, current density and initial pH, were also investigated. The results were evaluated primarily by considering the efficiency of the elimination of NH 4 + -N. The removal of ammonia by electrochemical oxidation mainly resulted from the indirect oxidation effect of chlorine/hypochlorite produced during electrolysis. The direct anodic oxidation efficiency of ammonia was less than 5%, and the current efficiency was less than 10%. The ammonia removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The electrochemical process can be applied successfully as a final polishing step, or as an alternative method to biological nitrification. The process seems to be most beneficial for small coastal cities

Optimization of the cathode material for nitrate removal by a paired electrolysis process

“…On the other hand, electrochemical oxidation of ammonia has been studied on dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) [20][21][22][23]. In the presence of chloride, chlorine is generated at the anode and immediately transformed to hypochlorite, which reacts with ammonia to produce nitrogen in alkaline media according to the reaction:…”

Corrosion characteristics of ZnNiCo ternary alloy electrochemically deposited by using different anodes

“…U okviru ovoga rada nisu vršena određivanja vrijednosti prenapona izdvajanja kiseonika na korištenim anodama. Dosadašnja istraživanja u primjeni različitih anodnih materijala su pokazala različite vrijednosti anodnog prenapona izdvajanja kiseonika [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Tratamento eletroquímico de efluentes industriais - alternativa para a remoção de contaminantes e potencial aproveitamento de H 2

“…Alguns parâmetros são críticos em um processo eletroquímico [4,7,8,14,[16][17][18][25][26][27][28][29][30]. A densidade de corrente é provavelmente o parâmetro de maior influência -a ele estando diretamente relacionada a eficiência do tratamento em termos operacionais e de custos.…”

“…Metais e compostos como Ti, Pt, PbO 2 , DSA (ou ADE -anodo dimensionalmente estável) e BDD (Boron Dopped Diamond) têm sido utilizados nos estudos a respeito desta técnica. O custo também deve ser considerado neste contexto [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”