Electrochemical Studies of Uranium in LiCl–KCl Eutectic Salt for an Application of Pyroprocessing Technology

Rare Earth Electrochemical Property Measurements and Phase Diagram Development in a Complex Molten Salt Mixture for Molten Salt Recycle

“…This means the cathodic current will be retarded, as illustrated by Figure 2-45. In Figure 2-45, curve 2 (green double-line) is predicted by the no mass-transfer effect based Butler-Volmer equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) using the values of 0 and from electrode kinetic simulation method. It can be seen, the measured cathodic curves at larger overpotential is highly deviated from curve 1 which indicates the limiting of reduction rate of Gd 3+ by its maximum diffusion rate.…”

“…In the thermodynamic consideration, metals with lower redox potentials (popularly known as oxidation potential at the anode and reduction potential at cathode) are easier to be oxidized which also means the reduction of their ions (M n+ ) are more difficult. Hence, by controlling the system potential [12,13] in the electrorefiner, uranium and metals with lower redox potentials (categorized as active elements in this report) are dissolved into the molten salt from UNF at the anode. For the reduction at cathode, uranium will be electro-deposited first due to the higher reduction potential than other dissolved active elements.…”

“…This is through the excess Gibb's Free Energy, which is calculated via the following equation. (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) That can then lead to the calculation of the Gibb's free energy of mixing via the following equation. This function must be less than zero for a mixture to form a stable phase.…”

“…The squared residuals could be expressed in terms of this vector (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) where l is the number of the experimental data points. The nonlinear least squares algorithm of Trust Region [122] was used to search the 3-dimensional parameter space to find the optimum values that minimized the squared residuals.…”

“…45 also shows the curve 1 predicted by equation(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) using the values of 0 and determined by Tafel method. Although fairly good fitting is achieved in the cathodic Tafel region, large discrepancy exists in the small overpotential region.…”