Electrochemical Oxidation of Amoxicillin in Its Commercial Formulation on Thermally Prepared RuO₂/Ti

Abstract

In this work, a ruthenium dioxide electrode has been prepared by thermal decomposition at 400 o C then used for the oxidation of commercial amoxicillin. The physical characterization showed that RuO 2 electrode presents a mud cracked structure. Its electrochemical characterization has revealed an increase of the voltammetric charge in acid electrolyte compared to neutral electrolyte indicating the importance of protons in its surface redox processes. The voltammetric study of the oxidation of amoxicillin has been investigated. It has been obtained that the oxidation of amoxicillin is controlled by both adsorption and diffusion processes. Moreover, the oxidation of amoxicillin occurs via direct and indirect processes in free or electrolyte containing chlorides. Through preparative electrolysis, enhancement of amoxicillin oxidation was observed in the presence of chloride where the amoxicillin degradation yield reached more than 50 % compared to less than 5 % in the absence of chlorides. Spectrophotometric investigations have revealed the degradation of intermediates absorbing at 350 nm.

Remoción de amoxicilina de aguas contaminadas por electrocoagulación

“…Sin embargo, la menor eliminación se dio en el experimento N° 3 a un pH = 8 y V = 7V con una remoción del 40.38%, como se muestra en la figura 2. Este resultado presenta similitud con la investigación publicada por Appia Foffie et al, (2016) quienes usaron como ánodo RuO 2 y cátodo de Ti, en el cual se obtuvo un rendimiento de degradación de la amoxicilina alcanzando más del 50% y es probable que se deba al material de los electrodos. De la misma forma en la investigación reportada por Kaur et al, (2019) usaron como ánodo Ti y cátodo RuO 2 se obtuvo una eficiencia de eliminación de amoxicilina de 60% en un intervalo de tiempo de 60 min de electrolisis, esto en función de la determinación de la DQO.…”

Electrochemical degradation of amoxicillin in acidic aqueous medium using TiO2-based electrodes modified by oxides of transition metals

“…The mass transport zone was not de ned by the possible effect of the nanotubular structure of TiO 2,nt, which has different active sites without stabilizing a limit current density. After 2 V vs. Ag½AgCl 3M NaCl, there is an important increment in the current density by the electrolysis of water, at the same time, there are oxidant agents which are involved in the electroxidation of AMX in acid media, such as hydroxyl radicals (Auguste et al 2016;León et al 2020). The major current density achieved at 3 V vs. Ag|AgCl 3M NaCl was shown by Ir-Ta 100:0 (0.5 mA cm -2 ) followed by: Ir-Ta 30:70 (0.18 mA cm -2 ) > Ru-Ta 100:0 (0.16 mA cm -2 ) > Ir-Ta 50:50 (0.14 mA cm -2 ) > Ru-Ta 70:30 (0.12 mA cm -2 ) > Ru-Ta 30:70 (0.08 mA cm -2 ) > TiO 2,nt @ Pb-Ta 70:30 @ Pb-Ta 50:50 @ Ir-Ta 70:30 @ Ta @ (0.07 mA cm -2 ) > Ru-Ta 50:50 @ Pb-Ta 30:70 @ Ti (0.5 mA cm -2 ) > Pb-Ta 100:0 (0.1 mA cm -2 ).…”

Electrochemical oxidation and electroanalysis of paracetamol on a boron-doped diamond anode material in aqueous electrolytes

“…According to the literature [9][10][11][12], physical, biological and chemical methods are usually used in wastewaters treatment. Thus, activated carbon is widely used to treat organic and inorganic pollutants [13,14] and also, to immobilize metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium or chromium [15].…”

“…According to the literature, the electrochemical method has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants [20][21][22]. The effectiveness of the electrochemical treatment depends strongly on the properties of electrode used as the anode in the case of electrolysis [10,23,24]. In this work, the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is used.…”