Electrochemical On‐line ICP‐MS in Electrocatalysis Research

Kasian, Olga; Geiger, Simon; Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob; Cherevko, Serhiy

doi:10.1002/tcr.201800162

Cited by 115 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The stability of the catalysts in terms of electrochemical dissolution was evaluated using a SFC‐ICP‐MS setup [13] . Initially, the elements dissolution was tested during three potential cycles between 1.1–1.6 V and the results are shown in Figures 4, S17 and S18.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Electrochemical dissolution experiments were conducted in a scanning flow cell hyphenated to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Perkin Elmer NexION 300X), as described elsewhere . Argon‐purged 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution, at 25 °C, with a flow of 175 μL min −1 was used as the electrolyte, while an Ag/AgCl electrode (3 M) and a graphite rod were employed as reference and counter electrodes, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Tin Oxides Supported Iridium Catalysts: Do We Need Dopants?

et al. 2020

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Application of oxide supports is considered as a viable approach to decrease iridium loading in oxygen evolution reaction catalysis in acid electrolyte. While the most of the promising oxides are poor conductors, the need for doping is typically taken as granted, and a representative example is tin dioxide. There are still, however, serious concerns on the feasibility of this approach as we lack consensus on any activity gain by using such oxides, while doubts on stability are numerous. In this work, a set of catalyst/support combinations including two catalysts, viz. hydrous (IrO x ) and rutile (IrO 2 ) iridium oxides, and four supports, viz. SnO 2 and Sb-(ATO), F-(FTO), and In-doped (ITO) SnO 2 , are synthesized and character-ized by a selection of complementary experimental techniques including rotating disk electrode and on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is found that the electrochemical activity in acid media of supported Ir catalysts is essentially the same, independent on presence or absence of dopants. Sb and In dopants are shown to be unstable and cause an increased dissolution of Sn. Besides, the degradation of the doped supports results in destabilization of iridium oxides. These results raise doubts on the real need for the use of dopants in SnO 2 -based catalyst supports for electrochemical water splitting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Tin Oxides Supported Iridium Catalysts: Do We Need Dopants?

et al. 2020

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“…The electrode potential can be controlled independently of the reaction conditions allowing not only comparison of the performance of different PEMFC catalysts, but also investigation into how potential excursions affect the catalyst stability and the degradation mechanism. For the latter, accelerated degradation tests (ADTs) are employed in combination with techniques such as identical location transmission and scanning electron microscopy (IL-TEM and IL-SEM) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and scanning flow cells (SFC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [13,14]. Thus, degradation mechanisms, such as metal dissolution and particle detachment, can be related to certain excursions in the electrode potential, as well as catalyst properties such as particle size and carbon support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions: accelerated stress tests in a gas diffusion electrode setup

et al. 2020

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Gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups have very recently received increasing attention as a fast and straightforward tool for testing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of surface area proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions. In the work presented here, we demonstrate that our recently introduced GDE setup is suitable for benchmarking the stability of PEMFC catalysts as well. Based on the obtained results, it is argued that the GDE setup offers inherent advantages for accelerated degradation tests (ADT) over classical three-electrode setups using liquid electrolytes. Instead of the solid-liquid electrolyte interface in classical electrochemical cells, in the GDE setup a realistic three-phase boundary of (humidified) reactant gas, proton exchange polymer (e.g. Nafion) and the electrocatalyst is formed. Therefore, the GDE setup not only allows accurate potential control but also independent control over the reactant atmosphere, humidity and temperature. In addition, the identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) technique can easily be adopted into the setup, enabling a combination of benchmarking with mechanistic studies.

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“…ICP‐MS has been regarded as one of the leading techniques in the field of elemental analysis, focusing on the determination of ultra‐trace levels of metals and metalloids in a large variety of sample types [144–151]. This technique has been also applied to the quantitative measurement of metal‐containing PEGylated pharmaceuticals or nanoparticles [152–160].…”

Section: Bioanalytical Methods For Polyethylene Glycols and Pegylatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Zhang

Song

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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Polyethylene glycols are synthetic polymers composed of repeating oxyethylene subunits, which have been known for non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-antigenic, good solubility in water and therefore approved for pharmaceutical applications. Recently, attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycols to therapeutic small molecules, peptides, proteins, or nanoparticles has become a mature technology for the sake of improving their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles, also referred to as PEGylation. By comparison, there are only a few PEGylated pharmaceuticals have been registered for further clinical trials and even less was approved for marketing. High failure rate of PEGylated pharmaceuticals in pre-clinical and clinical trials could be majorly attributed to their unclear pharmacokinetic behaviors. Therefore, the in vivo fate of the PEGylated pharmaceuticals for the various routes of administration needs to be thoroughly investigated An accurate in vivo pharmacological study thereof highly depends on the precise detection of polyethylene glycols as well as their fragments in biological matrixes. The goal of this review is to highlight the analytical methods that were developed and applied to evaluate the polyethylene glycols in pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, which bring us closer to bridging

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Electrochemical On‐line ICP‐MS in Electrocatalysis Research

Cited by 115 publications

References 105 publications

Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Tin Oxides Supported Iridium Catalysts: Do We Need Dopants?

Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Tin Oxides Supported Iridium Catalysts: Do We Need Dopants?

Testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions: accelerated stress tests in a gas diffusion electrode setup

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

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